and the design of hydrological infrastructure, including dams, bridges, and
spillways (Hlodversdottir et al., 2015).
The impact of rapid climate change is a major ongoing concern, and weather-driven effects are
evident in recent decades (IPCC, 2021, see
Chapter 11.4: Heavy precipitation). As Arctic and
subarctic regions warm rapidly, precipitation extremes are expected to increase in the coming
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