scenario, precipitation increased by 10–15% from 1961–90 to
2070–99, and by 5–10% for the lower emitting scenarios (corresponding to approximately 0.5–1%
per decade).
The CE project also examined RCM results for Iceland based on the HIRHAM model (Haugen and
Iversen, 2006). These results showed enhanced warming over the interior of Iceland compared with
the coastal zone, and a tendency for enhanced
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
Resources and Energy Directorate
Edited by: Heidi H. Pikkarainen
Print: Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate
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Cover design: Rune Stubrud
Prepared for: The CES project
Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate
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/media/ces/ces-oslo2010_proceedings.pdf
model setup are typically too large by up to an order of magnitude.
This, combined with strong forcing at the model boundaries, results in a systematic spatial bias in
low-level wind speed, with too strong winds in coastal regions, and too weak winds in the interior.
Figure 5 shows a comparison of average wind speed at 10 mAGL between the WRF model and
station measurements. Model data is interpolated
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
often need to be taken with long time periods in mind. Investments in road design or the
dimensions of sewerage systems are influenced by conditions over the lifetime of the capital,
which is measured in decades. Since conditions at the end of the period are highly uncertain,
political and economic concerns can exclude adaptation options. However, non-climate proof-
ing of investments with a long
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
are:
Scenarios are plausible descriptions of how the future may
develop, based on a coherent and internally consistent set of
assumptions about key relationships and driving forces. (focus
on system description)
Scenarios are credible, challenging, and relevant stories about
how the future might unfold that can be told in both words and
numbers. (focus on value for end users and other
/media/loftslag/Kok_1-scenarios-lecture-1.pdf
it would greatly contribute to the development of a “behavioral theory
of collective action” (introduced by Ostrom 1998), and thus to a better understanding of the
resolution of social dilemmas.1
This paper proposes an experiment that arguably helps to fill this gap. We apply behav-
ioral economics to public-choice theory to make a set of theoretical predictions. An exper-
iment is then designed
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
measurements instead of river
discharge data. The National Energy Authority has supported this work with contracts on
8
hydrological modelling and groundwater research. The model was then used to make a
future projection of runoff for two watersheds in Iceland for the period of 2021–2050
(Einarsson & Jónsson, 2010).
The WaSiM model (Jasper et al., 2002; Jasper & Kaufmann, 2003) was first set up
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
of Akureyri
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland
KAUST, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Húsavík Academic Center
Icelandic Meteorological Office
Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, University of Iceland
Civil Protection Department, National Commisioner of the Icelandic Police
Iceland Catastrophe Insurance
Husavik Academic centre
Ministry of the Interior/about-imo/news/nr/2701
will be developed
More detailed dam safety analyses will be carried out as comparative design studies between nations
A more intense user dialogue will be developed
Partners
The work of the Hydropower-Hydrology group of CES is carried out by a network of scientists mainly from the national institutes. Thus a wide range of aspects of hydropower and natural conditions are covered, from the glaciated basins
/ces/project/hydropower/
a relaxation zone
of 10 grid points, wherein the coarse-resolution outer data from the host model is blended with
the high-resolution data within the dependent model domain. At the upper boundary, defined as
the 10-hPa isobaric surface, vertical velocity is set to zero.
Since the purpose of this study is to conduct a sensitivity rather than a climatological analysis,
only three individual days
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf