rather than from the data directly. This
reduces the amount of data that needs to be disseminated to a few parameters, that describe each
wind speed distribution. Of the various probability density functions for boundary-layer wind
speeds, s, the 2-parameter Weibull distribution,
f (s;A;k) =
k
A
s
A
k 1
exp
s
A
k
; (1)
is the one most commonly employed for wind energy studies (Morgan
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
and taking a long-term view (see e.g. [2]).
Technological Forecasting & Social Change 78 (2011) 835–851
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: kasper.kok@wur.nl (K. Kok), lasut@iiasa.ac.at (I. Bärlund), lasut@iiasa.ac.at (A. Dubel), ilona.baerlund@ufz.de (J. Sendzimir).
0040-1625/$ – see front matter ? 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2011.01.004
Contents lists
/media/loftslag/Kok_et_al._TFSC_published_2011.pdf
and distribution network are all identified
a section at a time. In some cases, however, it might
be more valuable to focus only on a certain part of
functional model.
Fig.1. Functional Model.
The results of the risk analysis are represented
visually in a fourfold table. (Fig.2) The main idea of the
table is to provide a readily interpretable overview of
h hi hli h d i k d i i i l i
Having already been
/media/ces/ces_risk_flyer.pdf
FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION –
POTENTIALS, MANAGEMENT AND RISKS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Ashraful Alam, Antti Kilpeläinen, Seppo Kellomäki
School of Forest Sciences,
University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
F t Cli t d R bl E I t Ri k d Ad t tiu ure Cl ma e an enewa e nergy – mpac s, s s an ap a on
Oslo, Norway
2 June, 2010
Contents
• Forestry in Finland
• Challenges
• Objectives
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
ECHAM4/OPYC3 NorClim/HIRHAM 25x25 km
'Empirical Adjustment' to 1 x 1 km
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
1 10 100 1000
Return period (years)
P
e
a
k
d
a
i
l
y
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
(
m
3
/
s
)
1981-2010 GEV from annual max series
2021-2050 GEV from annual max series
2021 - 2050 Annual maximum series
1981 - 2010 Annual maximum series
1981-2010
200-year flood
2021
/media/ces/Lawrence_Deborah_CES_2010.pdf
up to ~13 km height.
BY K. S. VOGFJÖRD, S. S. JAKOBSDÓTTIR,
G. B. GUDMUNDSSON, M. J. ROBERTS, K. ÁGÚSTSSON,
T. ARASON, H. GEIRSSON, S. KARLSDÓTTIR,
S. HJALTADÓTTIR, U. ÓLAFSDÓTTIR,
B. THORBJARNARDÓTTIR, T. SKAFTADÓTTIR,
E. STURKELL, E. B. JÓNASDÓTTIR, G. HAFSTEINSSON,
H. SVEINBJÖRNSSON, R. STEFÁNSSON, AND T. V. JÓNSSON
Research, 2005), which are complemented by
three continuous GPS stations
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
mover’s payoff, while mover 2’s
payoff is greater than or equal to the first mover’s payoff.
The payoff function is that of the basic public good game. The marginal return from the
public good is a ∈ [0,1], and each agent’s initial endowment is E. The payoff function Rik
of agent i as mover k, k = 1 for the first mover and k = 2 for the second mover, is defined
as follows:
Rik =E − xik + a (xik
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
at the epicenter (r = 0) in the attenuation relations for PGX, a revision of model A
was examined, where R(r,M) is used, rather than just the epicentral distance, r. The model
considered is the following:
log10(PGX) = a·log10 ( R(r,M) ) + b · M + c (1)
with R given by:
gMkrR 10⋅+= , (2)
and where r is the distance from epicenter to the point of measurement, k is a parameter to be
fitted and g
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf
14 0 1 2 3 8 12
15 0 1 2 3 8 12
16 0 1 2 4 8 12
17 0 1 2 4 8 12
18 0 1 2 4 8 12
19 0 1 2 4 8 13
20 0 1 2 4 8 13
21 0 2 3 5 9 13
22 1 2 3 5 9 13
23 1 2 3 4 9 13
MEAN 1 2 2 4 8 13
10
AE
R
OD
R
OM
E
CLIM
A
T
OLOGICA
L
SUMMA
R
Y
-
T
ABL
E
D
AE
R
OD
R
OME
:BIK
F
-
KEFL
A
VÍ
K
/K
efl
avi
k
PERIO
D
O
F
RECORD
:2001–201
0
L
A
TITUDE
:6
3
59’06"
N
LONGITUDE
:2
2
36’20"
W
ELE
V
A
TIO
N
AB
O
V
E
MSL
:5
2
/media/vedur/aerodrome_summaries_20140603.pdf