the validity of the ideal gas law, hydrostatic
balance, a piecewise linear vertical gradient of air temperature, and neglecting the effects of water
vapour. Pressure, p, as a function of height can then be derived through vertical integration of the
hydrostatic balance equation, and is given by
p(h(x;y);z) = p0 exp
g
R
Z h(x;y)+z
0
dx
T (x )
; (5)
where p0 is pressure at mean sea level, T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
distribution of anthropogenic climate changes, largely following Räisänen and
Ruokolainen (2008a,b). The main features of this procedure are as follows:
x Model simulations of 20th and 21st century climate change are used to develop linear
regression equations that relate the local temperature or precipitation climate to a
smoothed (11-year running mean) evolution of the global mean
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
we take the corresponding
data from the CMIP5 project.
Table 1. All GCMs and RCMs used in this study. If a model is available for any of the
domains Arctic-44, EURO-44, or EURO-11, it is marked with a v, but with an x if it is
unavailable.
Model name Type EURO-11 EURO-44 Arctic-44
CCCma-CanESM2 GCM x v v
COSMO-CLM4-8-17 RCM v v x
CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 GCM v v x
IHCEC-EC-Earth GCM v v v
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
finished,
and possibly tested before implementation starts
(Bots 2007).
Following Bots (2007), we note that the word
“design” can denote an activity as well as a product.
In this article, design as a product is synonymous
with the participation plan (point y). This plan is
based on design as an activity, represented here by
the space between points x and y. What needs to
happen in this phase (x/media/loftslag/vonKorff_etal-2010.pdf
Barthelmie, R.J., Takle, G.S. & Andersen, T. (2008). The impact of climate change on wind energy resources. Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Congress-X, 6pp (Invited Plenary presentation). 6pp.
Pryor, S.C., Barthelmie, R.J. & E.S. Riley (2007). Historical evolution of wind climates in the USA, Conference on the science of making torque from wind, Danish Technical University, August 2007
/ces/publications/nr/1943
was represented on the native grids of each individual
model. Therefore, the monthly means of the modelled radiation were first interpolated
onto a common 2.5 x 2.5 degree grid, and 30 year running means were applied to smooth
the influence of random interannual variability. Thereafter, anomalies from the baseline
period mean were calculated.
2
Fig. 2. Percentage change of incident global solar
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_solar_CMIP3.pdf
15.9.04
Forum 2
3.11.04
Forum 3
12.04.05
Interviews
Jan/Feb 05
Group Model Building -
Identify Problems & Measures
8
Simulation Models
Testing Solutions
Forum 1
15.9.04
Forum 2
3.11.04
Forum 3
12.04.05
KG
Feb/March 05
Interviews
Jan/Feb 05
Forum 4
15.06.05
Forum 3
12.04.05
r 5
07.09.05
Forum 4
15.06.05
9
x
Measures Costs Ecological
Efficiency
Accep-
tance
Needed
control
Further
Effects
1....
2
/media/loftslag/Hare_2-participation.pdf
ANNUAL REPOR T 2014
2
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
?Veðurstofa Íslands 2015
Bústaðavegur 7–9, 108 Reykjavík, Iceland
The annual report was drafted by the IMO sta?.
Editor: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir
Design and layout: Hvíta húsið
Printing: Oddi
ISSN 2251-5607
Cover photo: Gro Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen
I N D E X
4 Bárðarbunga
7 Rockslide
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf