with the following equation,
h = c
t
2
where c is the speed of light (c = 2.99 x 108 m/s). In principle, CL51 is able to detect three cloud
layers simultaneously, but if the cloud base is obscured due to precipitation or ground-based
fog, vertical visibility is reported. Information about fog and precipitation can also be derived
from the return signal as they attenuate the return signal from a cloud. In its
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
i
on
c
a
p
ac
i
t
y
A
r
ea
of
r
e
s
i
d
en
c
e
(Flood
p
r
one
/non
p
r
one
a
r
eas)
Un
c
e
r
t
a
n
t
i
e
s
H
i
g
h
wi
l
l
i
n
g
n
e
s
s
t
o
p
a
y
L
o
w
wi
l
l
i
n
g
nes
to pay
D
i
k
e
s
H
i
gh
t
a
x
a
t
i
on
-
E
arly
w
arn
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
-
Sof
t
s
t
r
uct
u
r
a
l
m
e
as
u
r
e
s
-Community training
L
o
w
taxation
Risk
P
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
B
e
n
e
f
i
/media/loftslag/Group-1_Scenarios-for-AWM.pdf
+ x−k) (1)
Public Choice (2012) 151:91–119 95
with k = 1,2, and −k = 1 if k = 2, −k = 2 if k = 1. The variables xik and x−k are the
contributions to the public good of subject i as mover k and mover −k, respectively. The
contribution of the first mover is an integer x1 ∈ [0,10] and that of the second mover takes
one of the two values x2 ∈ {0, x1}.
2.2 Theoretical predictions
As noted
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
of melt water from glaciated
areas in long integrations for a warming climate.
Glacier dynamics
This problem can be qualitatively analysed by considering the continuity equation for ice vol-
ume, which may be expressed as
¶h
¶t
+
¶q
¶x
= b or
¶h
¶t
+~ ~q = b ; (1)
for a one-dimensional ice flow channel or an ice cap that flows in two horizontal dimensions,
respectively. h is ice thickness, q or ~q
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
distribution of anthropogenic climate changes, largely following Räisänen and
Ruokolainen (2008a,b). The main features of this procedure are as follows:
x Model simulations of 20th and 21st century climate change are used to develop linear
regression equations that relate the local temperature or precipitation climate to a
smoothed (11-year running mean) evolution of the global mean
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
we take the corresponding
data from the CMIP5 project.
Table 1. All GCMs and RCMs used in this study. If a model is available for any of the
domains Arctic-44, EURO-44, or EURO-11, it is marked with a v, but with an x if it is
unavailable.
Model name Type EURO-11 EURO-44 Arctic-44
CCCma-CanESM2 GCM x v v
COSMO-CLM4-8-17 RCM v v x
CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 GCM v v x
IHCEC-EC-Earth GCM v v v
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
level in Skeidará waned. The last sign of a
crater explosion was seen at GRF early on 6
November, leaving only a weak tremor signal
from the remnants of the jökulhlaup. The
jökulhlaup fi nally ended in early December,
after ~0.8 km3 of water had drained from the
Grímsvötn lake (J. Hardardóttir, personal com-
munication, 2005).
Location and Volume Constraints
Earthquake locations at Grímsvötn
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
finished,
and possibly tested before implementation starts
(Bots 2007).
Following Bots (2007), we note that the word
“design” can denote an activity as well as a product.
In this article, design as a product is synonymous
with the participation plan (point y). This plan is
based on design as an activity, represented here by
the space between points x and y. What needs to
happen in this phase (x/media/loftslag/vonKorff_etal-2010.pdf