c
h
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
,
D
e
n
m
a
r
k
CES conference, Oslo, Norway, 31 May - 2 June 2010
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4
5
0
5
2
5
4 8 9 10 11 12
5
4
.
5
5
5
.
0
D
a
t
a
s
o
u
r
c
e
:
C
e
n
t
r
e
f
o
r
E
c
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
H
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
,
U
K
D
a
t
a
s
o
u
r
c
e
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
,
D
e
n
m
a
r
k
• 37 British and 22 Danish stations;
• natural or naturalized daily streamflow
data
/media/ces/AnneFleig_May2010_CES.pdf
Capacity (A)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
control
future
+0.4std dev (as % of
mean)
-0.68max
-8.32min
-1.74mean
% change
June 2010 15
Time series
450
500
550
600
650
700
Hour
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Typical year of control period
Seasonal average rating
Calculated capacity
450
500
550
600
650
700
Hour
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Typical year under future scenario
Calculated capacity
Seasonal average
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
2015, 2025, 2035 and 2050
North (Blanda) East (Karahnjukar) South (Thorisvatn)
Change in average inflow to the main storage reservoirs
Watershed
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
i
n
f
l
o
w
[
m
3
/
s
]
0
2
0
4
0
6
0
8
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
Last 50 years
Last 20 years
Last 15 years
Last 10 years
Last 5 years
Temperature corrected
Transformation of climate measurements
•Change in temperature
• 0.75 °C/100y 1950-1975
• 1.55
/media/ces/Linnet_Ulfar_CES_2010.pdf
Surface 110, F04001, doi: 10.1029/2005
JF000289.
Adalgeirsdo´ttir G., Jo´hannesson T., Bjo¨rnsson H., Pa´lsson F. &
Sigurdsson O. 2006. Response of Hofsjo¨kull and southern
S. Gudmundsson et al. Mass balance of three ice caps in southern Iceland
Citation: Polar Research 2011, 30, 7282, DOI: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.7282 9
(page number not for citation purpose)
Vatnajo¨kull, Iceland, to climate change
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf
Þorkelsson og Margrét Ásgeirsdóttir 1998. Skjálftahrina í Ölfusi í nóvember 1998. Greinargerð Veðurstofu Íslands VÍ-G98046-JA09. Veðurstofa Íslands, Reykjavík.
Sigurður Th. Rögnvaldsson, Kristín S. Vogfjörð og R. Slunga 1999. Kortlagning brotflata á Hengilssvæði með smáskjálftum. Rit Veðurstofu Íslands VÍ-R99002-JA01.
Angelier, J., Sigurður Th. Rögnvaldsson, F. Bergerat, Ágúst Guðmundsson, Steinunn S
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/conferences/jsr-2009/sigurdur/
Þorkelsson og Margrét Ásgeirsdóttir 1998. Skjálftahrina í Ölfusi í nóvember 1998. Greinargerð Veðurstofu Íslands VÍ-G98046-JA09. Veðurstofa Íslands, Reykjavík.
Sigurður Th. Rögnvaldsson, Kristín S. Vogfjörð og R. Slunga 1999. Kortlagning brotflata á Hengilssvæði með smáskjálftum. Rit Veðurstofu Íslands VÍ-R99002-JA01.
Angelier, J., Sigurður Th. Rögnvaldsson, F. Bergerat, Ágúst Guðmundsson, Steinunn S
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/conferences/jsr-2009/sigurdur
h
stat
us
an
d
goal
s
Locat
io
n
—
u
n
ce
rta
in
tie
s
re
la
te
d
to
So
urc
e
o
fun
certaint
y
Natur
e
(1)/typ
e(2
)o
f
u
n
ce
rta
in
ty
Co
mment
s
R
hin
e
at
(su
b-)
catch
m
en
tleve
l
W
at
er
re
so
u
rc
es
issu
es
Id
en
tif
ica
tio
n
an
d
pr
io
rit
y
settin
g
o
fu
rge
nt
wat
er
re
so
u
rc
es
pr
ob
le
m
s;
co
n
fli
ct
in
g
in
te
re
sts
amon
g
sector
s
an
d
stakeh
older
s
M
ul
tip
le
fra
m
es
(so
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
model grid point must be taken into account. At latitude f , the grid-box
size is given by
dA = a2 cosf dldf ; (1)
where a = 6371 km is the Earth’s mean radius, and latitude and longitude are measured in
radians. For the ECMWF reanalyses, angular grid-point spacing dl = df = p=180 is constant
across the domain. The low-pressure centre count at each grid point is then multiplied by dA=dA,
with mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
Forsíðumynd: Svava Björk Þorláksdóttir mælir með öldustilli
niður á festur í Iðu í Hvítá. Ljósmynd: Njáll Fannar Reynisson.
V E Ð U R S T O F A Í S L A N D S / Á R S S K Ý R S L A 2 0 1 8
3
Viðburðaríkt ár er að baki
hjá starfsfólki Veðurstofunnar
enda felast jafnan margar og
fjöl breyttar áskoranir í vöktun
og rannsóknum á náttúru -
öflum landsins.
Loftslagsmál eru mjög á
döfinni enda stærsta
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VI_Arsskyrsla_2018_vef.pdf