profiles are very similar3.
Although a significant share of the weather impacts is already today taken into account in the
design, a change in the strength and/or frequency of damaging impacts may cause a need to
change road structures (Saarelainen and Makkonen, 2007). For example, trenches and bridges,
and culvert structures of smaller roads have not been designed for high precipitation
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of homogeneous groups of catchments obtained with
the ROI technique and associated growth curves .............................................. 26
Appendix II - Index flood estimation at gauged sites treated as ungauged. ............ 29
5
6
1 Introduction
Flood frequency analysis is a prerequisite in flood risk assessment studies and for the design
of various hydraulic structures. Often, flood quantile
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
Annual
report
? Icelandic Met O?e
Bústaðavegur –
Reykjavík
Iceland
Editors:
Sigurlaug
Gunnlaugsdóttir
Sigrún Karlsdóttir
Ingvar Kristinsson
Theódór F. Hervarsson
Design and layout:
Vinnustofa
Atla Hilmarssonar
Printing:
Oddi
Cover photo:
Oddur Sigurðsson
ISSN -
The Icelandic Meteorological O?ce, IMO, is responsi -
ble for real-time monitoring and forecasting
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
inom klimatforskning” (Ongoing activities in climate resarch, In Swedish). Presentation at a project meeting within a Swedish project on “Spillway design floods in a changing climate - Scenarios in a 50-year perspective.” At SMHI, E. Kjellström.
23.9.2009. A presentation in Finnish about the most recent results from climate modeling at the meeting "How will energy be produced in Finland
/ces/publications/nr/1680
decision support:
I. Inclusion of norms? : descriptive vs normative
II. Vantage point: forecasting vs backcasting
III. Subject: issue-based, area-based, institution-based
IV. Time scale: long term vs short term
V. Spatial scale: global/supranational vs national/local
B Process design – intuitive vs formal:
VI. Data: qualitative vs quantitative
VII. Method of data collection: participatory vs desk
/media/loftslag/Kok_2-scenarios-lecture-2.pdf
These calculations can then
be used as the basis for flood warnings and in the design of the built environment. A newly
published Icelandic study by Massad et al. (2020) reassessed precipitation return levels in
Iceland, resulting in a new national map of 24-hour precipitation thresholds for a 5-year event,
see Figure 1, in agreement with the general precipitation pattern in Iceland, shown in Figure 2
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf
-based and 10 based on IPCC GCM
simulations. The choice of the GCM models was based on their SAT
performance for the present-day climate near Iceland as mentioned above.
2. For GCM-based scenarios, temperature change in the highland interior of
Iceland, where the large ice caps are located, were increased by 25% based on
the results of RCM downscaling (Nawri & Björnsson, 2010).
3. Expected
/media/ces/2010_016.pdf