the volcano. Question: Should an eruption occur, where from the glacier can
the jökulhlaup be expected?Answer: It depends on the
location and type of the eruption. Three types of glacial outbursts can be
thought about:Floods resulting from an eruption
in the caldera, where the ice is up to 500 m thick. Large eruptions can melt of order 100,000 m3/s.
Jökulhlaups can be expected from Virkisjökull
/volcanoes/about-volcanoes/oraefajokull/q-a/
revealed.
Gas measurements
Driving toward the western side of the crater a degassing vent releasing brownish gases was identified.
The site is 10 min walking across the lava field and presents decoloration of rocks. Some gas
measurements have been done with two different type of sensors (standard personal and Alphasens
ones).
Peak concentration of 7 ppm SO2 and 9 ppm CO were observed
/media/jar/field_report_03032015.pdf
1 10 100 1000
Return period (years)
P
e
a
k
d
a
i
l
y
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
(
m
3
/
s
)
1961-1990 Gumbel
2021-2050 Gumbel
2021 - 2050 annual maxima
1961 - 1990 annual maxima
X
X
35% increase
in 200-year
flood
Model uncertainty
Seasonal analysis - Rainfall-induced
peak flows in annual maximum series
1961 - 1990 2021-2050
Red – Type 1: > 67% of annual
maximum in mar-july (snowmelt
dominance
/media/ces/Lawrence_Deborah_CES_2010.pdf
by the NONAM core members: The Finnish Meteorological
Institute (FMI), The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), and The
Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) with IMO taking care of all logistics related to the
workshop activities in Reykjavik. The workshop was attended by 45 scientists and
practitioners.
The programme comprised a combination of oral presentations, posters
/media/vedurstofan/NONAM_1st_workshop_summary_v3.pdf
we take the corresponding
data from the CMIP5 project.
Table 1. All GCMs and RCMs used in this study. If a model is available for any of the
domains Arctic-44, EURO-44, or EURO-11, it is marked with a v, but with an x if it is
unavailable.
Model name Type EURO-11 EURO-44 Arctic-44
CCCma-CanESM2 GCM x v v
COSMO-CLM4-8-17 RCM v v x
CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 GCM v v x
IHCEC-EC-Earth GCM v v v
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
). Photo taken at 17:45.
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