50 years. The quality of the estimation was evaluated by cal-
culating the relative root mean squared error of the quantile estimates for each site, and then the
average over all sites was calculated (RMSET ):
RMSET (%) =
1
N
N
i=1
v
uu
t1
L
L
l=1
Qi(D;Tl) bQi(D;Tl)
Qi(D;Tl)
2
x100 (9)
where Qi(D;Tl) is the reference flood quantile at gauged site i and return period Tl , calculated
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
and our intention is to run these models dur-
ing times of hazardous events and even on a daily
basis to further improve monitoring.
Avalanche monitoring has progressed. The em-
phasis is now on improving our services, especially
to the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration
with regard to transport. The reason is that com-
munity structure has changed considerably in recent
years and the need
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
and possibly the stake-
holders at different phases of the modelling project.
Many QA guidelines exist such as Middlemis (2000) and
Van Waveren et al. (1999). The HarmoniQuA project (Schol-
ten et al., 2007; Refsgaard et al., 2005a) has developed a com-
prehensive set of QA guidelines for multiple modelling
domains combined with a supporting software tool, MoST
(downloadable via http
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
in an overall
cold bias, compared with station measurements. To test, whether this is due to the HARMONIE
model core or the external surface scheme, biases of 2-m temperature from SURFEX are com-
pared with biases of temperature projected from the lowest two model levels to 2 mAGL. It is
found that the negative temperature biases are due to shallow inversion layers near the ground,
which are introduced
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
improving
management policies and practices by learning from the
outcomes of implemented management strategies. Partici-
patory integrated assessment is here a form of problem
structuring for identification of gaps, ambiguity and
multiple frames, confrontation, and integration of the
most divergent views with respect to a given problem
situation.
Additional methods and tools that AM require com/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf