This is also the case with
cyclones in all three sectors. Cyclones in the eastern or western sector are also strongly affected
by the presence of central cyclones. In both sectors, cyclones tend to move east, unless there are
cyclones in the neighbouring sector, in which case pressure tendencies are reversed.
21
Figure 10. Composite mean temporal MSLP tendencies, for different MSLP modes. Com-
posite mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
-CALPUFF model is not using plume height estimates
as an input parameter. The model itself solves the equations describing the rising of the mixture
in the atmosphere and calculates the top-plume height by using some physical parameters as
the vertical mixture velocity (V) and the radius of the vent (R). Based on these two parameters,
V and R, we get an estimate of the mass flow rate and we
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf
Refsgaard a,*, Jeroen P. v
Peter A. Vanroll
a Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenlan
b Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation
Utrecht University, Utrecht
c
Environmental Modelling & Softwar
equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ45 38 142 776; fax: þ45 38 142 050.
E-mail address: jcr@geus.dk (J.C. Refsgaard).
1364-8152
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
Forsíðumynd: Svava Björk Þorláksdóttir mælir með öldustilli
niður á festur í Iðu í Hvítá. Ljósmynd: Njáll Fannar Reynisson.
V E Ð U R S T O F A Í S L A N D S / Á R S S K Ý R S L A 2 0 1 8
3
Viðburðaríkt ár er að baki
hjá starfsfólki Veðurstofunnar
enda felast jafnan margar og
fjöl breyttar áskoranir í vöktun
og rannsóknum á náttúru -
öflum landsins.
Loftslagsmál eru mjög á
döfinni enda stærsta
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VI_Arsskyrsla_2018_vef.pdf
the principalmethods have not changed much over the years, theamount of field work has varied. In the first 15 yearsthe monitoring programme at Storbreen was com-prehensive, often three or more snow density pits
were dug, snow depth was measured at about 600points and ablation was measured on 30 stakes
evenly distri uted on the glacier (Liestøl 1967).Based on experience of the snow pattern, the ob-
servations
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
), Torfajökull (To) and Mýrdalsjökull (M) ice caps.
V: automatic weather station at Vík in Mýrdalur. On the inset map of Iceland: location
of the study area as well as Langjökull (L), Hofsjökull (H) and Vatnajökull (Va) ice
caps. The plot shows the elevation distribution of the E, Ti and To ice caps as area
(km2) per 10 m elevation interval.
Digital Elevation models calculated using:
a) SPOT 5 HRS
/media/ces/glacier_mass_balance_poster.pdf
support
)
Improv
e
mode
l
(integration)
;
socia
llea
rnin
g
Farmers
,loca
l
aut
horities
,
association
s
NO
P
IN
D
Cognitiv
e
mappin
g
HE
T
GM
B
NO
P
HE
T
Simulation
-
by-han
d
OT
:Researcher
s
KA
F
F
Iska
r (Phas
e1
)
Co
n
ce
pt
u
al
m
o
de
l
(D
is
cu
ss
io
n
su
pp
o
rt
;
Com
m
unication
)
Improv
e
mode
l
(integration)
;
socia
llea
rnin
g
Nationa
l
poli
cy-maker
s
NO
P
IN
D
Cognitiv
e
mappin
g
HE
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
to be simple and therefore has important drawbacks.
Future improvements should be made in the light of applications within a larger toolbox of scenario
methods.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Tel.: +31 317 482422; fax: +31 317 419000.
E-mail address: kasper.kok@wur.nl.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Global Environmental Change
journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
TíðaskarðFaxaflsjObs.ForecastMeteogramInfo.Obs. data
Tjörnes - GerðibrekkaNorth EsjObs.ForecastMeteogramInfo.Obs. data
TorfurNorth EsjObs.Info.Obs. data
Return to the top of the page
U
UpptyppingarCentralsjObs.Info.Obs. data
Return to the top of the page
V
VaðlaheiðiNorth EsjObs.Info.Obs. data
Vaðlaheiði IINorth EsjObs.Info.Obs. data
VatnaleiðFaxaflsjObs.ForecastMeteogramInfo.Obs. data
/weather/stations/
Volcanic Alert warnings to
the public; experience from
volcanic eruptions in Iceland
Sigrún Karlsdóttir and V. Reynisson*
Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
*Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of
the Icelandic Police (CPD)
Photo:
B. Pálmason
Tasks of the Icelandic
Meteorological Office
Responsibilities:
Monitoring, forecasting and issuance of warnings in the field
/media/loftslag/Karlsdottir-Risk_analysis_IMO_SK.pdf