water.
Since, in this study, the focus is on large-scale storm systems, persisting for at least one day,
variability on shorter time-scales (mainly the diurnal cycle and atmospheric tides) is eliminated
by calculating averages from the four 6-hourly reanalysis fields of each day (6-hourly precip-
8
Figure 1. Top: Average fields of 500 hPa geopotential height in winter (DJF 1989-90)
and summer (JJA
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
by
rescaling a dimensionless regional flood frequency distribution or growth curve, qR(D;T ), com-
mon to all sites of the homogeneous region, with the so-called index flood, µi(D), of the target
site:
bQi(D;T ) = µi(D)qR(D;T ); (1)
where bQi(D;T ) is the estimated flood quantile, i.e. the T -year flood peak discharge averaged
over duration D, at site i. The regional growth curve, qR(D;T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
stage
)Suppor
t
an
d
ski
lls
n
ee
de
d
Har
e
et
a
l.
(2003
)
X
X
An
aly
se
lin
ks
be
tw
ee
n
participator
y
structur
e
an
d
proces
s
implementatio
n
Ba
rr
et
ea
u
et
a
l.
(2010
)
X
X
X
Pr
o
vid
e
cle
ar
de
sc
rip
tio
n
o
fproces
s
(m
an
ag
e
ex
pe
ct
at
io
n
s);
monitorin
g
an
d
evaluatio
n
Bot
s
an
d
va
n
Daale
n
(2008
)
X
X
X
X
X
Su
pp
o
rt
pr
o
ce
ss
de
sig
n
Ad
ap
te
d
fra
m
ew
o
rk
u
se
d
in
th
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
to be simple and therefore has important drawbacks.
Future improvements should be made in the light of applications within a larger toolbox of scenario
methods.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Tel.: +31 317 482422; fax: +31 317 419000.
E-mail address: kasper.kok@wur.nl.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Global Environmental Change
journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
on the ground along the direction of travel) low-
power laser in conjunction with single-photon sensitive detectors to measure ranges using
~532 nm (green) light. In the polar regions, the 91-day repeat orbit pattern with a roughly
monthly sub-cycle is designed to monitor seasonal and interannual variations of Greenland
and Antarctic ice sheet elevations and monthly sea ice thickness changes. Dense
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
horizontal displacement of the most active part of Þófi since the start of
the measurements is mostly in the range 10–35 cm (maximum 69 cm), whereas the movement
in Neðri-Botnar is slower, with the more active points having total displacement mostly in the
range 5–10 cm (maximum 46 cm). The maximum measured velocity of the horizontal movement
in the Þófi area was 92 cm/a over a two-month period in late
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
To distinguish between rain and snow, the volume is com-
pared to the water equivalent but the volume of snow is ten times larger.
Figure 1. How PWD22 determines the type of precipitation.
Using the information about the changes of the backscatter signal, water equivalent and temper-
ature the Vaisala Present Weather Detector can give information about the type of precipitation.
It is also used
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
approximately centred around Iceland: the outer domain with
43 42 grid points spaced at 27 km (1134 1107 km), the intermediate domain with 95 90 grid
points spaced at 9 km, and the inner domain with 196 148 grid points spaced at 3 km. The
northwest corner of the outer domain covers a part of the southeast coastal region of Greenland.
Otherwise, the only landmass included in the model domain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
) ................. 89
Figure 61 Tephra accumulation rate on the ground on 8 October 1982 (Öræfajökull) ............ 90
Figure 62 Tephra accumulation rate on the ground in Skaftafell (Öræfajökull) ...................... 91
Figure 63 Preliminary intersectional map ................................................................................ 93
Figure 65 Initial user-interface of the public web-site
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf