0.95
vhm149 1.46
vhm205 1.01
vhm206 1.28
vhm221 0.9
vhm265 1.16
vhm277 0.87
vhm278 -0.12
18
l
l l l
l
llll
l
llll
lll
ll
lll
lllll
lllll
ll l
l l
l
l
l l
l l
l
l
−2 0 2 4 6
0
1
2
3
4
−ln(−ln(1−1/T))
Q/
E[
Q]
1 2 5 10 20 50 100
T (years)
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
vhm148
vhm149
vhm205
vhm206
vhm221
vhm265
vhm277
vhm278
Regional +/− 95% CI
H1 0.995
H2 −0.877
l
l
l
l
l
l l l l
l
l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
at
e
(C
limat
e
models
)
GC
M
s
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
RCM
s
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
Initia
lco
n
ditions
/
nat
ura
lva
riabilit
y
X
X
XX
X
D
ow
ns
ca
lin
g/
sta
tis
tic
al
co
rr
ec
tio
n
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
W
ate
r
syst
em
impact
s
(H
yd
ro
-e
co
lo
gi
ca
lm
o
de
ls)
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Socio
-econo
m
ic
imp
act
s
(So
ci
o-
ec
on
om
ic
to
ol
s)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
A
da
pt
ati
on
m
ea
su
re
s
X
X
X
X
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
meteorological services for large areas of the North Atlantic and Green-
land. It is the second largest aviation service region in the world. Over the course of a decade IMO was modernized
and sta?ed to meet the highest international requirements. The Icelandic public and economic sectors, in particular
the fisheries, transportation and agriculture, benefitted hugely from this development making
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_arsskyrsla2020.pdf
Time
Main assortments
l l d Energy biomassSaw ogs Pu pwoo
Small trees Residues Stumps
5
Use of biomass based energy in Finland
Pellets
1% (0.5 Mm3)
S d tForest residues
and small trees
used as chips
9% (3.4 Mm3)
aw us
9% (3.4
Mm3)
Black liquorTraditional
Energy biomass
46 TWh (55%) qu45% (18 Mm3)firewood
15% (6 Mm3)
Bark
21% (8.4 Mm3)
Energy biomass: 20% of the primary energy production
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
ANN−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
delta w (%
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17C
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
g
e
o
s
t
r
o
p
h
i
c
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
(
%
)
Change in wind over the Baltic Sea in 70 years time at the time of CO2-doubling
Chen and Aschberger, 2006
17
CM
IP
G
CM
s
A need for regional ensemble simulations
head2right Changes are uncertain
head2right Size and sometimes even sign
/media/ces/Kjellstrom_Erik_CES_2010.pdf
Of Precipitation In Latvia. XXV Nordic Hydrological conference, Northern Hydrology and its Global Role, 11-13 August, 2008, Reykjavik, Iceland. ISBN 978-9979-68-238-7. NHP Report No. 50, P. 134-142.
Hisdal, H., Barthelmie, R., Lindström, G., Kolcova, T., Kriauciuniené, J. & Reihan, A. (2007). Statistical Analysis. In: J. Fenger (Ed.) Impacts of Climate Change on Renewable Energy Sources: Their role
/ces/publications/nr/1943
climate scenario. We will
apply this methodology in the current project also. An
important difference is however that the assumptions
for climate and energy system will refer to
approximately the same year.
0
10
20
30
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
1
0
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
GWh/week
Eu
roCent/
k
W
h
Deman
d
Supp
l
y
Minimum
system costs
Water values
Marginal
costs
Simulating stochastic
/media/ces/esa_flyer_new.pdf