mean surface air temperature anomalies ....................................... 28
14 Surface air temperature anomalies over Scandinavia ...................................... 29
15 Composite mean precipitation anomalies..................................................... 30
6
1 Introduction
Extratropical low-pressure systems, persisting for at least a few days, have long been recognised
as one
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
and review of some methods for regional flood frequency anal-
ysis. J. Hydrol., 186, 63–84.
GREHYS. (1996b). Inter-comparison of regional flood frequency procedures for Canadian rivers.
J. Hydrol., 186, 85–103.
Grover, P.L., Burn, D.H. & Cunderlik, J.M. (2002). A comparison of index flood estimation
procedures for ungauged catchments. Can. J. Civ. Eng., 29, 734–741.
Hosking, J.R.M. & Wallis, J.R. (1993
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
ea
th
,
th
e
m
et
ho
d
u
se
d
at
th
is
st
ag
e
fo
r
th
es
e
st
ak
eh
o
ld
er
typ
es
is
sp
ec
ied
.Sh
oul
d
ther
e
be
tw
o
o
r
mor
e
model
sbein
g
develope
d
in
th
e
process
,the
n
th
e
typ
e
o
fmode
lt
o
whic
h
th
e
metho
d
wa
s
applie
d
is
show
n
in
parentheses
.O
T
re
fe
rs
to
th
e
co
m
po
si
tio
n
o
ft
he
o
rg
an
iz
in
g
te
am
.
Fo
r
o
rg
an
iz
in
g
te
am
in
vo
lve
m
en
t
in
di
ffe
re
n
t
pa
rt
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
it will be one of the main aspects
of this paper.
2.3. Properties
The elements of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map are as follows:
Concepts: C1, C2, . . ., Cn. These represent the drivers and
constraints that are considered of importance to the issue under
consideration.
State vector: A = (a1, a2, . . ., an), where ai denotes the state of the
node Ci. The state vector represents the value of the concepts
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
for ice, ocean and land applications
Snævarr Guðmundsson, Hrafnhildur Hannesdóttir and Helgi Björnsson ....................... 15
Post-Little Ice Age (1891–2011 AD) volume loss of Kotárjökull glacier, southeastern Iceland,
as established from historical photograph and lidar
Sverrir Guðmundsson, Eyjólfur Magnússon, Helgi Björnsson, Finnur Pálsson, Tómas
Jóhannesson and Etienne Berthier
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
................................................................. 25
6 Analog hazard situations in the Alps and implemented or planned mitigation
measures..................................................................................................... 29
6.1 Kerschbaumsettlement/Navis.................................................................... 29
6.2 Gschliefgraben
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
22,70,71 72 72,73
25 24,56,66 73 74,75
30 12,28 8180
51 50,51 8585
52 52,52 87 86
53 54,55
Figure 13 shows the frequency of present weather records from both manual and automatic sta-
tions. Both stations show no weather, 0, most frequently, the automatic station in 1019 cases
and the manual station in 1031 cases. In figure 14 the most frequent records (no weather) have
been removed. The automatic
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
. . . . . . . . . . . 56
27 Directional mean wind power density within the Langanes region . . . . . . . . . . 57
28 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Langanes region . . . . . . . . . . . 58
29 Directional mean wind power density within the Meðallandssveit region . . . . . . 59
30 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Meðallandssveit region . . . . . . . 60
31 Directional mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf