Journal of Environmental Management 88
Heid
, Øste
d
e
A broad range of tools are available for integrated water resource management (IWRM). In the EU research project NeWater, a
Human dependence on water leaves us vulnerable to
climate change, flood and drought hazards, and poverty
dynamic element of vulnerable groups and their relation-
ship to water resources, and to represent the decisions
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
emission scenario were even
greater, on average 5.1% units (Fig. 5), indicating that the GCMs are
a greater source of uncertainty than the choice of emission sce-
nario or RCM.
The flow regimes in different regions in Finland are demon-
strated with the five example hydrographs of the reference period
and of 2070–2099 (Fig. 8a–e, see Fig. 1c for locations). In northern
(Fig. 8a) and central (Fig. 8b/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
and CNES, n.d.;
National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff, 2016; Quante and Colijn, 2016). Now, additional
altimeters at different orbits perform slightly less accurate measurements up to 82 N and S (Rhein
et al., 2013). These records are used to estimate sea surface changes and calculate global mean sea
level, a temporal average sea level averaged over the oceans (Church, Clark, et al., 2013
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
Av. Ed.
Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
Received: 21 March 2011 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 6 April 2011
Revised: 5 October 2011 – Accepted: 20 October 2011 – Published: 2 November 2011
Abstract. The Little Ice Age maximum extent of glaciers in
Iceland was reached about 1890 AD and most glaciers in the
country have retreated during the 20th century. A model for
the surface mass balance
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
Pw at Bulken andRøldal indicated a slightly higher mean bw for theperiod 1923/24–1948/49, 1.3 m w.e., than calculat-ed by the model using a temperature threshold of3°C for Psolid. The bw for the period prior to 1895/96–1922/23 was also 1.3 m w.e. using precipitationdata from Bulken. The reconstructed bw further in-dicated that the high winter balances measured inthe period 1989–1995 with a maximum
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
236
1992 09 167 124 167 98
1995 07 1994 1759 599 368
1995 10 96 62 73 37
1997 07 921 728 330 184
2000 08 1240 1083 365 221
2002 09 689 582 267 160
2003 11 241 207 139 98
2006 04 1370 1340 300 270
2008 10 1350 1290 300 265
The origin of the 1957, 1960, 1964 and 1966 jökulhlaups is not certain but is most likely the eastern cauldron. The discharge
and volume for the 1995 jökulhlaup are a sum from
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
on the European level [e.g.
Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
Common Agricultural Policy, etcetera], except for the
Ukrainian part of the Tisza. However, the Ukraine shows
strong incentives to enter the EU community and thus the
EU acquis communautaire is used as key reference for the
development of its water management principles. It was
nevertheless decided to select two case-studies
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
for Iceland were made. The CE
project used an ensemble of six GCMs and RCMs from the PRUDENCE project for four different
emissions scenarios (B1, B2, A2, and A1FI) developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC). The GCMs used by the CE project showed more warming during winter than
summer. During winter, the median projected warming from 1961–90 to 2070–99 ranged from
3–6 K, and from 2
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf