is on the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. With the southern
boundary at 47 N, the study domain covers Newfoundland, but excludes various marginal and
inland seas with significant independent storm activity, such as the Mediterranean and Adriatic
Seas, as well as the Black and Caspian Seas. The northern boundary at 80 N takes the domain
up to Fram Strait, including Svalbard, but excluding
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
)(L)
Rel. RMSE= 1.1
NS= 0.48
MAE= 124
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
ll
0 400 800 1200
0
50
0
100
0
150
0
Pred. (m³/s)
R
ef
. (m
³/s
)
µ(D)=(θ0) + (θ1)(A L)
Rel. RMSE= 0.96
NS= 0.92
MAE= 58
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
ll
0 400 800 1200
0
50
0
100
0
150
0
Pred. (m³/s)
R
ef
. (m
³/s
)
µ(D)=(θ0) + (θ1)(A Z)
Rel. RMSE= 1.2
NS= 0.84
MAE= 90
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
ll
0 500 1000 1500
0
50
0
100
0
150
0
Pred. (m³/s)
R
ef
. (m
³/s
)
µ(D
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
;
mayo
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
it will be one of the main aspects
of this paper.
2.3. Properties
The elements of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map are as follows:
Concepts: C1, C2, . . ., Cn. These represent the drivers and
constraints that are considered of importance to the issue under
consideration.
State vector: A = (a1, a2, . . ., an), where ai denotes the state of the
node Ci. The state vector represents the value of the concepts
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
on the ground along the direction of travel) low-
power laser in conjunction with single-photon sensitive detectors to measure ranges using
~532 nm (green) light. In the polar regions, the 91-day repeat orbit pattern with a roughly
monthly sub-cycle is designed to monitor seasonal and interannual variations of Greenland
and Antarctic ice sheet elevations and monthly sea ice thickness changes. Dense
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
wide and
1000 m long shelf called Þófi, terminating at 80–100 m a.s.l., see Map 4. The inclination of
the shelf is 15 on average. The surface of Þófi is covered with unconsolidated glacial till and
landslide deposits and marked with five gullies. The brook called Þófalækur near the middle of
the shelf divides it into an inner and outer part. On the outermost part of the shelf, there is a small
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
22,70,71 72 72,73
25 24,56,66 73 74,75
30 12,28 8180
51 50,51 8585
52 52,52 8786
53 54,55
Figure 13 shows the frequency of present weather records from both manual and automatic sta-
tions. Both stations show no weather, 0, most frequently, the automatic station in 1019 cases
and the manual station in 1031 cases. In figure 14 the most frequent records (no weather) have
been removed. The automatic
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
approximately centred around Iceland: the outer domain with
43 42 grid points spaced at 27 km (1134 1107 km), the intermediate domain with 95 90 grid
points spaced at 9 km, and the inner domain with 196 148 grid points spaced at 3 km. The
northwest corner of the outer domain covers a part of the southeast coastal region of Greenland.
Otherwise, the only landmass included in the model domain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
.................... 85
8
Figure 57 50% PM10 probability map for an eruption like 1362 at Öræfajökull ..................... 86
Figure 58 The probability of exceedance curve at key locations (Öræfajökull) ...................... 87
Figure 59 Tephra accumulation rate on the ground on 7 May 1982 (Öræfajökull) ................. 88
Figure 60 Tephra accumulation rate on the ground on 5 May 1981 (Öræfajökull
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf