HYDROPOWER IN ICELAND
Impacts and adaption in future climate
Authors
Óli Grétar Blöndal Sveinsson (Phd)
Úlfar Linnet (MSc)
Elías B. Elíasson (MSc)
Landsvirkjuns system
•Installed power 1850 MW
• 96 % Hydroelectricity
• 4% Geothermal
•Production capacity 13 TWh/a
•Customer base
• 86 % Large industries
• 14 % Small businesses / Household
•No connection to other countries
•Reliability a major
/media/ces/Linnet_Ulfar_CES_2010.pdf
/lexuriserv/lexuriserv.do?uri=com:2007:0002:FIN:EN:PDF, 13
April 2009.
[2] WTO, World Tourism Organization (2008): “Climate Change and Tourism -
Responding to Global Challenges”, UNWTO, 9 July 2008, Madrid, Spain.
Available at:
http://www.unwto.org/media/news/en/press_det.php?id=1411&idioma=E, 7
March 2010.
[3] Mooney, J.E. y Miller, M.L. (2009): “Climate change: Creating demand for
sustainable
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
capability, data interpretation and communication have ad-
vanced with these events. In addition, before the unrest, a variety of
new instruments were installed around the Vatnajökull ice cap by
collaborators in the research project Futurevolc.
During the period of unrest, the Department of Civil Protection and
Emergency Management met regularly with scientists to discuss the
situation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
and our intention is to run these models dur-
ing times of hazardous events and even on a daily
basis to further improve monitoring.
Avalanche monitoring has progressed. The em-
phasis is now on improving our services, especially
to the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration
with regard to transport. The reason is that com-
munity structure has changed considerably in recent
years and the need
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
from 5
years of continuous GPS measurements in
Iceland, submitted to Journal of Geophysical
VOLUME 86 NUMBER 26
28 JUNE 2005
PAGES 245–252
Eos, Vol. 86, No. 26, 28 June 2005
EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PAGES 245, 248
Forecasting and Monitoring a
Subglacial Eruption in Iceland
Fig. 1. (a) Map of Iceland illustrating the location of monitoring networks discussed in the text
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
: Integrated water resources management; Water framework directive; Catchment modelling; Uncertainty
1. Introduction
New guidelines on water resources management emphasise
the importance of integrated approaches, cross-sectoral plan-
ning and of public participation (GWP, 2000; EC, 2003;
Jønch-Clausen, 2004). The commonly accepted approach inte-
grated water resources management (IWRM) is defined
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
and Irrigationa
Scenario Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Current 101 85 59 13 6 4 1 6 39 79 84 97
A2 145 132 73 10 10 7 6 8 4 75 92 123
B2 137 119 75 16 6 6 6 5 21 74 110 141
aValues are in millimeters.
10 of 18
W00A15 VAN ROOSMALEN ET AL.: CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE W00A15
time and larger area where groundwater levels rise above
the drain levels. Table 6 shows the mean discharges
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf