while accounting for rigidity of supply in transport systems
Default
effect
S0 – S1
Remaining effect after
counter measure S0 – S1*
Loss for consumer without measure:
(p1 – p0) . Q1 + (p1 – p0) .(Q1-Q0)/2
Loss for consumer after measure:
negligible
Source:
Nurmi and Perrels, 2011 (forthcoming)
G
en
er
al
is
ed
tra
ns
po
rt
co
st
/km
pr
ox
y
Traffic volume
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 27
Example
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
) and are
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data providers (SONEL, n.d.).
The North Sea is home to one of the most dense tide gauge networks in the world, with over 15 tide
gauge series that span at least 100 years along its coastline (Quante and Colijn, 2016). In Denmark,
17
the national tide gauge network consists of 90 automatic stations run in cooperation of the Danish
Meteorological
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
in the new outline, they may be useful in
some contexts.
For working on the design principles, we used a
similar approach. We first listed the various
principles in an overview table for four guides
(Appendix 3: Tables A3-1–A3-4); the fifth guide
(d’Aquino) does not mention principles. We
analyzed each principle for similarities and
differences with other principles (right-hand
columns). Because
/media/loftslag/vonKorff_etal-2010.pdf
experiments for evaluating the effectiveness of avalanche defence structures in Iceland. Main results and future programme (pdf 0,8 Mb) (Í: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Snow and Avalanches Test Sites, Grenoble, France, 22−23 November 2002, F. Naaim-Bouvet, ed., s. 99−109, Grenoble, Cemagref, 2003, author T. Jóhannesson) [abstract] (html)
Stálgrindur eða snjóflóðanet? Val á tegund
/avalanches/imo/protective/
on the European level [e.g.
Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
Common Agricultural Policy, etcetera], except for the
Ukrainian part of the Tisza. However, the Ukraine shows
strong incentives to enter the EU community and thus the
EU acquis communautaire is used as key reference for the
development of its water management principles. It was
nevertheless decided to select two case-studies
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
at the plate boundary, leading to volcanic activity and earthquakes. The
geological units are shown on the map in Figure 1. The Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ)
encompasses the part of the rift which enters land at the western tip of Reykjanes Peninsula
(RP), runs east along the peninsula to the Hengill region, where it turns northward. East off the
Hengill region the rifting shifts approximately 90/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf
(). The circulation of Icelandic waters-a
modelling study. Ocean Science , –.
Nygaard, B. E. K., Hálfdán Ágústsson & K.
Somfalvi-Toth (). Modeling wet snow ac-
cretion on power lines: improvements to previ-
ous methods using years of observations.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
(), –.
Philippe Crochet (). Sensitivity of Icelandic
river basins to recent
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
19
61
til
19
90
(%
)
0
200
250
150
100
50
300
350
jan feb mar apr maí jún júl ágú sep okt nóv des
Úrkoma 2019
Reykjavík úrkomuhlutafall 2019 % Akureyri úrkomuhlutafall 2019 %
Vi
k h
ita
fr
á m
eð
all
ag
i 1
96
1–
19
90
(°
C)
-1
3
2
1
0
4
5
jan feb mar apr maí jún júl ágú sep okt nóv des
Meðalhiti 2019
Reykjavík hitavik 2019 Akureyri hitavik 2019
Á Slysaöldu á Mælifellssandi í nóvember 2019
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_arsskyrsla2020.pdf
A (A1, A2, A3). ........................................................................................... 89
Figure B.2. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box B, Fagradalsfjall-W. ...... 90
Figure B.3. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box C, Fagdaralsfjall-E. ....... 90
Figure B.4. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box D, Kleifarvatn
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf