absolute errors (MAEs) are listed in Table 1. For
temperature, the overall bias in January is reduced by 86%, with a reduction in overall MAE of
17%. For wind speed, the overall January bias is reduced by 74%, with a reduction in overall
MAE of 9%. Both, for temperature and wind speed, the main benefit of the correction procedure
is a reduction of differences between monthly mean values. Mean absolute
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
Journal of Environmental Management 88
Heid
, Øste
d
e
A broad range of tools are available for integrated water resource management (IWRM). In the EU research project NeWater, a
Human dependence on water leaves us vulnerable to
climate change, flood and drought hazards, and poverty
dynamic element of vulnerable groups and their relation-
ship to water resources, and to represent the decisions
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
emission scenario were even
greater, on average 5.1% units (Fig. 5), indicating that the GCMs are
a greater source of uncertainty than the choice of emission sce-
nario or RCM.
The flow regimes in different regions in Finland are demon-
strated with the five example hydrographs of the reference period
and of 2070–2099 (Fig. 8a–e, see Fig. 1c for locations). In northern
(Fig. 8a) and central (Fig. 8b/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
and CNES, n.d.;
National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff, 2016; Quante and Colijn, 2016). Now, additional
altimeters at different orbits perform slightly less accurate measurements up to 82 N and S (Rhein
et al., 2013). These records are used to estimate sea surface changes and calculate global mean sea
level, a temporal average sea level averaged over the oceans (Church, Clark, et al., 2013
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
Av. Ed.
Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
Received: 21 March 2011 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 6 April 2011
Revised: 5 October 2011 – Accepted: 20 October 2011 – Published: 2 November 2011
Abstract. The Little Ice Age maximum extent of glaciers in
Iceland was reached about 1890 AD and most glaciers in the
country have retreated during the 20th century. A model for
the surface mass balance
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
Pw at Bulken andRøldal indicated a slightly higher mean bw for theperiod 1923/24–1948/49, 1.3 m w.e., than calculat-ed by the model using a temperature threshold of3°C for Psolid. The bw for the period prior to 1895/96–1922/23 was also 1.3 m w.e. using precipitationdata from Bulken. The reconstructed bw further in-dicated that the high winter balances measured inthe period 1989–1995 with a maximum
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
farvegarins undir jöklinum út frá rúmmáli vatns
sem þar hefur safnast fyrir benda til þess að viðnám gegn vatnsrennsli við jökul-
botn minnki eftir því sem líður á hlaupið. Undir lok hlaupsins runnu á bilinu 80–
90 m3 s 1 um farveg sem var einungis einn þriðji hluti af rúmmáli farvegar sem flutti
svipað vatnsmagn á fyrsta eða öðrum degi eftir að hlaupið hófst við jökuljaðar. Þessi
niðurstaða er
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
on the European level [e.g.
Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
Common Agricultural Policy, etcetera], except for the
Ukrainian part of the Tisza. However, the Ukraine shows
strong incentives to enter the EU community and thus the
EU acquis communautaire is used as key reference for the
development of its water management principles. It was
nevertheless decided to select two case-studies
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
/ land) based on the IPCC GCM mean.
2004–50 2004–80 2004–99
Specific Years (0.8) / (0.8) 0.8 / 1.0 0.7 / 1.0
Randomised Years (1.0) / (1.0) 0.8 / 1.1 0.7 / 1.1
Standard Deviation 0.30 / 0.32 0.08 / 0.11 0.06 / 0.06
Table 9. Changes in total precipitation from the 1961–90 control period to the 2021–50
reference period (DP1) or the 2070–99 reference period (DP2) in different zones (ocean /
land / low
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf