parameters
– In the light of climate change
Norwegian Meteorological Institute met.no
Observed changes in Norway between
1961-90 and 1979-08
• Winter precipitation has
increased by 5-25 %
• Winter temperature has
increased by 0.91–1.34 ºC
(Hanssen-Bauer et al., 2009)
What about snow conditions?
Introduction Data & Methods Results
Norwegian Meteorological Institute met.no
Snow parameters
Start End
/media/ces/Dyrrdal_Anita_CES_2010.pdf
ith a broke
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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
The applied glacier mass balance model is a simplified version of the energy balance approach.
An abstract of the model is given in the following, for a comprehensive model description we
refer to Machguth et al. (2009). The model requires air temperature (Ta), global radiation
(Sin) and precipitation (P ) for meteorological input. The model runs at daily steps, and the
cumulative mass balance bc on day t
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
magnitudes. (b) Seismic tremor amplitude in three different frequency bands. (c) Volcanic plume
height. (d) Number of lightning. Lightning and tremor amplitude roughly correlate with plume
height.
Intensifi ed human activity and a growing
population have changed the climate and the
land biosphere. One of the most widely recog-
nized human perturbations is the emission of
carbon dioxide (CO2
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
contours). Bottom panel: manned and automated surface
observations over Iceland.
13
Figure 4. Hourly rainfall during 3 September 2012, based on HARMONIE model simula-
tions. Times are in UTC (local time).
14
Figure 5. Distribution of low- (red crosses), medium- (green vertical lines), and high-
level (blue horizontal lines) cloud cover of at least 90%, based on HARMONIE model
simulations. Terrain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
19
61
til
19
90
(%
)
0
200
250
150
100
50
300
350
jan feb mar apr maí jún júl ágú sep okt nóv des
Úrkoma 2019
Reykjavík úrkomuhlutafall 2019 % Akureyri úrkomuhlutafall 2019 %
Vi
k h
ita
fr
á m
eð
all
ag
i 1
96
1–
19
90
(°
C)
-1
3
2
1
0
4
5
jan feb mar apr maí jún júl ágú sep okt nóv des
Meðalhiti 2019
Reykjavík hitavik 2019 Akureyri hitavik 2019
Á Slysaöldu á Mælifellssandi í nóvember 2019
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_arsskyrsla2020.pdf