M A M J J A l
ll l
l
l
l
l
l
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lll
l
l
lll
0 100 200 300
60
0
80
0
100
0
Days since Sept. 1st
Q
(m
³/s
)
vhm102
S O N D J F M A M J J A
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
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(m
³/s
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vhm116
S O N D J F M A M J J A
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
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Days since Sept. 1st
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/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
it will be one of the main aspects
of this paper.
2.3. Properties
The elements of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map are as follows:
Concepts: C1, C2, . . ., Cn. These represent the drivers and
constraints that are considered of importance to the issue under
consideration.
State vector: A = (a1, a2, . . ., an), where ai denotes the state of the
node Ci. The state vector represents the value of the concepts
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
very/somewhat worried about the greenhouse
effect (of these, 43% were very worried); in 19924 the percentage had increased to
89% (of these, 62% were very worried) (INRA (Europe), 1992). In 19955 public
concern was similar: 84% declared to be very/quite worried about climate change
as a global environmental threat (INRA (Europe)-ECO, 1995). By 2002 another
survey (EORG, 2002) suggested
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
Lidar measurements of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
Lidar measurements
of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
Abstract volume
Lidar map of the ice-covered stratovolcano Öræfajökull in S-Vatnajökull, S-Iceland,
surveyed by TopScan GmbH in August 2011
Lidar measurements of the cryosphere
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
................................................................. 25
6 Analog hazard situations in the Alps and implemented or planned mitigation
measures..................................................................................................... 29
6.1 Kerschbaumsettlement/Navis.................................................................... 29
6.2 Gschliefgraben
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
the automatic station shows 0 the manual station shows
15 (precipitation is more than 5 km distance) in 20 cases. In 22 cases the manual station shows
21
62 (Rain, not freezing, intermittent, moderate at time of observation) while the automatic station
shows 61 (light rain).
0
250
500
750
1000
0 1 2 3 10 11 15 16 20 21 23 24 25 26 40 41 50 51 52 53 58 60 61 62 63 64 67 70 71 72 73 80 81 83 84 85
Present
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . 47
18 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . . 48
19 Directional mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . 49
20 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . . 50
21 Directional mean wind power density within the Hellisheiði region . . . . . . . . . 51
22 Seasonal mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
& Höskuldsson, 2008; Thordarson & Larsen,
2007). Highly active volcanic systems as Hekla, Katla, Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn, have
explosive eruptions rates of 82%, 97%, 90% and 95%, respectively (Gudmundsson & Larsen,
2016; Larsen & Gudmundsson, 2016b, 2016a; Larsen & Thordarson, 2016). Volcanic eruptions
are quite common in Iceland and occur on average every two to five years (Larsen & Eiríksson
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf