2015, 2025, 2035 and 2050
North (Blanda) East (Karahnjukar) South (Thorisvatn)
Change in average inflow to the main storage reservoirs
Watershed
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
i
n
f
l
o
w
[
m
3
/
s
]
0
2
0
4
0
6
0
8
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
Last 50 years
Last 20 years
Last 15 years
Last 10 years
Last 5 years
Temperature corrected
Transformation of climate measurements
•Change in temperature
• 0.75 °C/100y 1950-1975
• 1.55
/media/ces/Linnet_Ulfar_CES_2010.pdf
would lead to a reduction of 20%
of total annual tourist flow to Spain between 2004 and 2080; Hein, Metzger and Moreno
[9] obtain an average decrease up to 14% in 2060 compared to 2004 - result of higher
losses in summer and slight increases in the remainder of the year-.
Nevertheless, some studies offer a more positive outlook. According to the Fundación
Empresa y Clima [7], the tourist
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
capability, data interpretation and communication have ad-
vanced with these events. In addition, before the unrest, a variety of
new instruments were installed around the Vatnajökull ice cap by
collaborators in the research project Futurevolc.
During the period of unrest, the Department of Civil Protection and
Emergency Management met regularly with scientists to discuss the
situation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
(). The circulation of Icelandic waters-a
modelling study. Ocean Science , –.
Nygaard, B. E. K., Hálfdán Ágústsson & K.
Somfalvi-Toth (). Modeling wet snow ac-
cretion on power lines: improvements to previ-
ous methods using years of observations.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
(), –.
Philippe Crochet (). Sensitivity of Icelandic
river basins to recent
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
with scientists
and local authorities.
Signs of the advancing jökulhlaup under
Skeidarárjökull came from station KAL (Figure
1b) in several 30- to 40-min-long episodes of
harmonic tremor (~4.5 and ~6.5 Hz) on 28
October. When these signs reappeared the fol-
lowing morning, 29 October, IMO contacted
NEAHS. Within hours, the electrical conductiv-
ity in the Skeidará river revealed an increasing
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
hydrologiska förutsätningar
(Hydropower in Iceland and its hydrological prerequisites). In: Den nordiske
hydrologiske konferense, NHK-82, Förde 28.–30. juni 1982. Rep. OS-82059/
VOD-10, National Energy Authority, Reykjavík.
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
BIOMATH, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
d Water Quality Modelling modelEAU, University Laval, Quebec, Canada
Received 20 December 2005; received in revised form 5 February 2007; accepted 7 February 2007
Available online 27 April 2007
Abstract
A terminology and typology of uncertainty is presented together with a framework for the modelling process, its interaction with the broader
water
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
/a in dry
summers, which is the maximum amount licensed by
the local government. 80% of the water is abstracted
from aquifers located above 20 masl [Henriksen and
Sonnenborg, 2003].
3. Methods
3.1. Climate-Forcing Data
[16] The confidence in Atmosphere-Ocean general circu-
lation models (GCM) providing credible quantitative esti-
mates of future climate change has increased the past few
years
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf