and possibly the stake-
holders at different phases of the modelling project.
Many QA guidelines exist such as Middlemis (2000) and
Van Waveren et al. (1999). The HarmoniQuA project (Schol-
ten et al., 2007; Refsgaard et al., 2005a) has developed a com-
prehensive set of QA guidelines for multiple modelling
domains combined with a supporting software tool, MoST
(downloadable via http
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
fyrir snjóflóðahættumat undir lágum bökkum eins og Akureyrarbrekkum (Tómas Jóhannesson,
2009). Í þessum viðmiðunarreglum eru áhættureikningar fyrir hefðbundna snjóflóðafarvegi, sem
eru nokkur hundruð metra háir eða hærri (Kristján Jónasson o.fl., 1999), aðlagaðir að lægri hraða
sem vænta má að snjóflóð nái þar sem fallhæð er einungis nokkrir tugir metra. Hættumatið fyrir
Akureyri byggist þrátt
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/VI2010-006_web.pdf
a continuous GPS network (ISGPS) in
1999 for monitoring and research of crustal deformation as a primary purpose. Since then
the institute has been leading in operating continuous GPS stations in Iceland. A total
number of 64 continuous GPS stations were in operation in Iceland at the beginning of
2010, of those the Icelandic Meteorological Office was responsible for operating 58
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2011/2011_005.pdf
temperature, precipitation and discharge variation to
the 1981–2000 means was used to confirm the selection. For Sandá í Þistilfirði the years
1962, 1989, and 2001 were selected and for Austari-Jökulsá 1975, 1977, and 1999 were
selected.
Median, max and min changes of temperature and precipitation predicted by the thirteen
different climate scenarios for each of the meteorological station used
/media/ces/2010_016.pdf
flood
method for deriving flood quantiles at gauged sites with limited data availability (see for in-
stance Blazkova and Beven, 1997; Cameron et al., 1999; Fiorentino et al., 2007; and a review
by Boughton and Droop, 2003). A distributed hydrological model calibrated on a gauged catch-
ment can be used to continuously simulate discharge series at different sites on that catchment
and flood
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
(2012) based on an EOF
analysis of ERA-40 data, for the winters (DJF) during the 1958 – 1999 period. The northeast-
to-southwest anomaly gradient across the northern North Atlantic accompanies a strong polar
vortex, with weak meridional but strong westerly flow at mid- and upper-levels across the ocean
and into Western Europe. The no-cyclone mode is similar to the negative North Atlantic Oscilla
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
(Radinovic´, 1975; Kruizinga
& Murphy, 1983; Van den Dool, 1989; Fraedrich et al., 2003) and climate downscaling (Zorita &
Von Storch, 1999; Wetterhall et al., 2005) to extract local weather information which can not be
simulated by coarse-resolution meteorological or climate models with sufficient accuracy. In that
context, these methods often make use of synoptic predictors describing
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/VI_2013_008.pdf