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C B/media/vatnafar/maelar/vhmkerfi_mars_2012.pdf
to the "Adaptation of the Swiss Guidelines for supporting structures for Icelandic conditions (IMO Rep. 99013)" (IMO Memo TóJ-2003-05, author T. Jóhannesson) (pdf 0.03 Mb)
Remarks on the design of avalanche braking mounds based on experiments in 3, 6, 9 and 34 m long chutes (IMO Int. Rep. 03024, 2003, authors T. Jóhannesson and Kr. M. Hákonardóttir) (pdf 0.8 Mb)
Field observations and laboratory
/avalanches/imo/protective/
= b·Mwi
CMT
+ c , i = 1,…5,
with b = 1 and the parameter c estimated by least squares to be -4.88. Having determined c, the
magnitudes of all earthquakes in the data set are recalculated according to:
Mw(v)i := Ci + 4.88
With a determined to be -1.63 in the first step, the resulting log-linear attenuation relationship
becomes:
88.4)(log63.1)(log 1010 −+⋅−= MrPGV , (A)
Equation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf
(CBA can be subset
of SCBA)
• CEA: cost-effectiveness analysis – this is used if for (a part of)
the intended impacts no (shadow) price can be established (or
when that is contentious)
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 9
Cost-benefit analysis – the basics 2
• Metrics:
• Net present value (NPV) :
• Internal Rate of Return (IRR): r = r* such that NPV = 0
• Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C ratio):
• Macro
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
in various phenomena, many of which directly impact humans (IPCC, 2013). One such
aspect is sea level. Sea levels have been rising with increasing rates since the early 20th century and
are virtually certain to continue to do so for centuries to come (Church, Clark, et al., 2013). About
70% of 1970 - 2005 sea level rise has been attributed to human activities (Aimée B. A. Slangen
et al., 2016
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
Woodward,
A.-S. Mériaux, F. S. Tweed & M. Lim ().
The role of multiple glacier outburst floods in
proglacial landscape evolution: The Ey-
jaallajökull eruption, Iceland. Geology (),
–; doi: ./G..
Esther Hlíðar Jensen, Jón Kr. Helgason, Sigur-
jón Einarsson, Guðrún Sverrisdóttir, Ármann
Höskuldsson & Björn Oddsson (). Lahar,
floods and debris flows
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
on the Reykjanes Peninsula on 17 June ............................ 41
3.3 Other faults in SW-Iceland .................................................................................... 43
3.3.1 Geysir region (box A) .................................................................................. 43
3.3.2 Reykjanes Peninsula (boxes B-F
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf
scenario Summer Winter
Temp ▲6˚c ▲7˚c.
Precip. +10% +30%
CO N l d bl2 ear y ou e
11
Forest management principles
1
)
Basal area just
before thinning
Thinning threshold
Energy
wood
Energy
biomass
a
r
e
a
(
m
2
h
a
-
1 thinningt i g
B
a
s
a
l
a
Basal area just
Remaining basal
area threshold
Dominant height (m)
after thinning
12
Management regimes
Changes in basal area thinning thresholds
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf