the backcasting workshop, in plenary this desired end-point that needed
to be reached was discussed in detail. In groups, the end-point was modied further to better t with the logic of the
exploratory scenario that was used as context. Note that the use of the word ‘end-point’ followed e.g. [29], specically also
to distinguish between the very short description of the desired state in 2050 and the rather
/media/loftslag/Kok_et_al._TFSC_published_2011.pdf
which are significantly lower com-
pared with similar beginning and end years. Consequently, for the 2004–50 period, the average
RCM warming rates of 0.29 K per decade over the ocean, and 0.35 K per decade over the land are
somewhat larger than for the reduced IPCC ensemble mean.
Additionally, the tabulated values of SAT differences between the 1961–90 control period and
either the 2021–50
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
by
rescaling a dimensionless regional flood frequency distribution or growth curve, qR(D;T ), com-
mon to all sites of the homogeneous region, with the so-called index flood, µi(D), of the target
site:
bQi(D;T ) = µi(D)qR(D;T ); (1)
where bQi(D;T ) is the estimated flood quantile, i.e. the T -year flood peak discharge averaged
over duration D, at site i. The regional growth curve, qR(D;T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
to be simple and therefore has important drawbacks.
Future improvements should be made in the light of applications within a larger toolbox of scenario
methods.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Tel.: +31 317 482422; fax: +31 317 419000.
E-mail address: kasper.kok@wur.nl.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Global Environmental Change
journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
work effectively together? Have there
been changes since the co-initiation process? If so,
changes on what and why? A more complete
description of the evaluation-protocol development
and procedures is beyond our scope, but is available
in Daniell (2008). For our purposes, we will describe
a number of methods of data collection used within
the protocols that are relevant to our focus of how
project
/media/loftslag/Moellenkampetal_etal-2010.pdf
type rivers is
precipitation. The snow melt water rate is almost equal to the groundwater for continental
type rivers. Regional patterns of precipitation, temperature and river runoff were done in all
Nordic countries (Lindström et al, 2006). Regionalization of territory of the Baltic countries
is needful for description of precipitation, temperature and river runoff patterns.
Long-term
/media/ces/ces-oslo2010_proceedings.pdf
and 65 vertical levels (Bengtsson et al., 2017). The fine-scale
gridding gives 66,181 terrestrial points over Iceland – 40 times greater than those in the current
1M5 calculations. The description of the terrain is therefore much improved. However, it should
be noted that even at this resolution the narrowest fjords and dales are not properly resolved. For
the most part, the model simulates
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf