of the tephra reached at least 30 m next to
the active craters and it is nowhere less than 5 cm on the
ice cap (Earth Science Institute, University of Iceland,
unpubl. data). This thick insulating tephra layer will in
places slow down melting in the coming years. However,
at higher elevations
windblown tephra may lower the
albedo of winter snow early in the spring and enhance
melting. The combined
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