The
role of orography was found to be crucial in determining the precipitation dis-
tribution and amount.
Atmospheric flow over Iceland was simulated for the period January 1961
through June 2006 using version 3–7–3 of the PSU/NCAR MM5 mesoscale
model (Grell et al., 1995). The domain used is 123× 95 points, centered at
64◦ N and 19.5◦ W, with a horizontal resolution of 8 km. There are 23 vertical
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_91.pdf
performance of the
model.
REFERENCES
Førland, E. J., Allerup P., Dahlström B., Elomaa E., Jónsson T., Madsen H.,
Perälä J., Rissanen P., Vedin H. and Vejen F. 1996. Manual for operational cor-
rection of Nordic precipitation data. DNMI Report No. 24/96 Klima, 66 pp.
Benoit, R., Pellerin P., Kouwen N., Ritchie H., Donaldson N., Joe P. and Soulis
E. D. 2000. Toward the use of coupled atmospheric
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
properly even if the
sample size is increased and systematic biases may be expected.
2.2.3 Predictors
Mean sea level pressure (MSLP), geopotential height (Z), specific humidity (q) and tempera-
ture (T) at different pressure levels are considered in this study to describe the meteorological
situations at the synoptic scale and to identify weather analogues. The MSLP and geopotential
height (Z) describe
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
relationship with the forcing variable. Grid-point correlations
are calculated separately for winter and summer months. This effectively removes the impact of
the seasonal cycle.
The coefficient of determination between mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and total precipi-
tation, is shown in Figure 4. Grid points at which correlation is not statistically significant at
the 95% confidence level
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
the maximum discharge of jökulhlaup water at the glacier
terminus is estimated as 97 m3 s 1. This jökulhlaup was a fast-rising jökulhlaup as
other jökulhlaups in Skaftá and cannot be described by the traditional Nye-theory of
jökulhlaups. The total volume of flood water was estimated as 53 Gl. The average
propagation speed of the subglacial jökulhlaup flood front was found to be in the range
0.2–0.4 m s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
: 3601/B2007.EEA53004 and 3601/RO/CLC/
B2007.EEA52971, Landmælingar Íslands, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Bechtold, P., Köhler, M., Jung, T., Doblas-Reyes, F., Leutbecher, M., Rodwell, M. J., Vitart, F.,
and Balsamo, G. (2008). Advances in simulating atmospheric variability with the ECMWF
model: from synoptic to decadal time-scales. Q. J. R. Meterol. Soc., 134:1337–1351.
Brousseau, P., Berre, L., Bouttier
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Outline_for_the_case_Road_maintenance_in_a_changing_climate.pdf
-
cast (with a cloud cover of at least 99%). As shown in Section 3, high-level clouds have a very
limited impact on the surface radiation budget, and are therefore excluded. At each grid point,
the total cloud cover is then determined as either the low- or mid-level cloud cover, depending
on which is greater. In addition to cloud conditions, over land (excluding inland waterbodies),
a distinction
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
approximately centred around Iceland: the outer domain with
43 42 grid points spaced at 27 km (1134 1107 km), the intermediate domain with 95 90 grid
points spaced at 9 km, and the inner domain with 196 148 grid points spaced at 3 km. The
northwest corner of the outer domain covers a part of the southeast coastal region of Greenland.
Otherwise, the only landmass included in the model domain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf