of Brúarjökull at 866 mASL.
15
Figure 6. Absolute mean errors of SURFEX 2-m air temperature and 10-m wind speed
compared with horizontally averaged station data (model minus measurements). Triangles
indicated locations, where mean errors (biases) are negative. Terrain elevation contour
lines are drawn at 1000 and 1500 mASL.
each grid point are linearly projected onto the same heights above ground
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
Journal of Environmental Management 88
Heid
, Øste
d
e
A broad range of tools are available for integrated water resource management (IWRM). In the EU research project NeWater, a
Human dependence on water leaves us vulnerable to
climate change, flood and drought hazards, and poverty
dynamic element of vulnerable groups and their relation-
ship to water resources, and to represent the decisions
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
flood hazard and flood risk mapping and flood risk management
planning by 2011–2015. The directive advises that the impacts of
climate change on the occurrence of floods should be taken into ac-
count when assessing the flood risks. It also poses new demands
for general evaluations of changes of flood discharges, flood inun-
dation areas and possible flood hazard due to climate change in dif
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
) and are
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data providers (SONEL, n.d.).
The North Sea is home to one of the most dense tide gauge networks in the world, with over 15 tide
gauge series that span at least 100 years along its coastline (Quante and Colijn, 2016). In Denmark,
17
the national tide gauge network consists of 90 automatic stations run in cooperation of the Danish
Meteorological
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
Av. Ed.
Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
Received: 21 March 2011 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 6 April 2011
Revised: 5 October 2011 – Accepted: 20 October 2011 – Published: 2 November 2011
Abstract. The Little Ice Age maximum extent of glaciers in
Iceland was reached about 1890 AD and most glaciers in the
country have retreated during the 20th century. A model for
the surface mass balance
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
to highly
negative summer balances, but also lower bw than
the average for 1949–2006. Calculated change in
specific mass balance for a ±1°C change in air tem-
perature was ±0.55 m w.e., whereas a ±10 % in-
crease in precipitation represented a change of ±
0.20 m w.e. Model results further indicated that for
a 2°C warming, the ablation season will be extend-
ed by c. 30 days and that the period
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
was therefore formed
by ice lifting and deformation induced by subglacial water pressures higher than ice
overburden pressure.
The discharge data and the derived size of the subglacial flood path, as indicated
by the volume of water stored subglacially, indicates a development towards more
efficient subglacial flow over the course of the jökulhlaup. Thus, a discharge in the
iii
range 80–90 m3 s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
on the European level [e.g.
Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
Common Agricultural Policy, etcetera], except for the
Ukrainian part of the Tisza. However, the Ukraine shows
strong incentives to enter the EU community and thus the
EU acquis communautaire is used as key reference for the
development of its water management principles. It was
nevertheless decided to select two case-studies
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
/ land) based on the IPCC GCM mean.
2004–50 2004–80 2004–99
Specific Years (0.8) / (0.8) 0.8 / 1.0 0.7 / 1.0
Randomised Years (1.0) / (1.0) 0.8 / 1.1 0.7 / 1.1
Standard Deviation 0.30 / 0.32 0.08 / 0.11 0.06 / 0.06
Table 9. Changes in total precipitation from the 1961–90 control period to the 2021–50
reference period (DP1) or the 2070–99 reference period (DP2) in different zones (ocean /
land / low
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf