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absolute errors (MAEs) are listed in Table 1. For
temperature, the overall bias in January is reduced by 86%, with a reduction in overall MAE of
17%. For wind speed, the overall January bias is reduced by 74%, with a reduction in overall
MAE of 9%. Both, for temperature and wind speed, the main benefit of the correction procedure
is a reduction of differences between monthly mean values. Mean absolute
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
Journal of Environmental Management 88
Heid
, Øste
d
e
A broad range of tools are available for integrated water resource management (IWRM). In the EU research project NeWater, a
Human dependence on water leaves us vulnerable to
climate change, flood and drought hazards, and poverty
dynamic element of vulnerable groups and their relation-
ship to water resources, and to represent the decisions
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
; fax: +358 20 490 2590.
E-mail address: Noora.Veijalainen@ymparisto.fi (N. Veijalainen).
Journal of Hydrology 391 (2010) 333–350
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Hydrology
journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / jhydrol
Author's personal copy
narios from GCMs or RCMs, and with different emission scenarios
(e.g. Menzel et al., 2006; Minville et al., 2008; Prudhomme and Da
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
) and are
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data providers (SONEL, n.d.).
The North Sea is home to one of the most dense tide gauge networks in the world, with over 15 tide
gauge series that span at least 100 years along its coastline (Quante and Colijn, 2016). In Denmark,
17
the national tide gauge network consists of 90 automatic stations run in cooperation of the Danish
Meteorological
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
of the glaciers. An up to 8 m thick winter snow layer
was measured in the accumulation area (∼4 m w.e.). Ice melt
of up 10 m w.e. was measured in the lowest part of the ab-
lation zone in summer, and 2 m w.e. was melted during win-
ter. Taking into account ∼2 m of annual rainfall, the runoff
from this part of the glacier was estimated as ∼14 m w.e. per
year; a surprisingly high value (Ahlmann, 1939
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
andEnergy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway2Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway3Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Andreassen, L. and Oerlemans, J., 2009: Modelling long-term
summer and winter balances and the climate sensitivity of Stor-breen, Norway. Geogr. Ann. 91 A (4): 233–251.
ABSTRACT. Measurements of winter balance (bw
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
the maximum discharge of jökulhlaup water at the glacier
terminus is estimated as 97 m3 s 1. This jökulhlaup was a fast-rising jökulhlaup as
other jökulhlaups in Skaftá and cannot be described by the traditional Nye-theory of
jökulhlaups. The total volume of flood water was estimated as 53 Gl. The average
propagation speed of the subglacial jökulhlaup flood front was found to be in the range
0.2–0.4 m s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
in the ENSEMBLES project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
16 Mean seasonal cycle during the 1961–90 control period, the 2021–50 reference
period, and the 2070–99 reference period, for the IPCC ensemble mean, the SMHI-
RCAO, the MetNo-HIRHAM, and the DMI-HIRHAM5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
17 Changes in the mean seasonal cycle from the 1961–90 control to the 2021–50 refer-
ence
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf