of stationarity was
Climate change undermines a basic assumption
that historically has facilitated management of
water supplies, demands, and risks.
Stationarity Is Dead:
Whither Water Management?
P. C. D. Milly,1* Julio Betancourt,2 Malin Falkenmark,3 Robert M. Hirsch,4 Zbigniew W.
Kundzewicz,5 Dennis P. Lettenmaier,6 Ronald J. Stouffer7
CLIMATE CHANGE
1U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), c/o National Oceanic
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
a procedure proposed by Peschke (1987). The
Richards-approach was used for modelling vertical water fluxes in the unsaturated zone, coupled
dynamically with a 2-D groundwater flow model for base flow generation. The hydraulic prop-
erties of the soil are parameterised according to Van Genuchten (1976). A module solving the
heat flux balance in the soil is available but had not yet been tested at the time
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
in the volcanic cloud. The more abundant gases present are
SO2, CO2, HCl, HF, H2O.
In the first month and half we had an averaged flux equals to 400 kg/s (~35 kT/d) with peaks up to 1300
kg/s (~112 kT/d). Assuming a constant release of gas until today, the eruption has injected into the
atmosphere an amount of SO2 in the range 3.5 Mt (considering the average flux) – 11.2 Mt (considering
the peak
/media/jar/bb100days_ens.pdf
)
Best case (1.5 C increase; 2%
increase in prec)
BAU A B
Change +30 % C D
Scenario
combination
Impact
Adaptation measures
North South North South
A *
CC: Possible increase in the
amount of snow more
snow clearing increase in
operational costs
S-E: increase in traffic
volume increased wear of
roads increase in
maintenance cost.
**
CC: Possibly less snow,
more rain
/media/loftslag/Group3-The-future-of-the-Finnish-national-road-network.pdf
technologies are
being implemented which will provide a platform for a possible future ICS-D (distributed components
of the Integrated Core Services) for EPOS.
Planning and site selection process for the new instrument installations are well underway as well as
the procurement of the required equipment. In total 17 new seismological and geodetic stations will be
co-located in selected sites in Northern
/media/norsem/norsem_atakan_norway.pdf
? – D Wheeler
Simulations of the impact of Arctic sea ice on the atmospheric circulation: the need for coupled
models – D Smith
Greenland Blocking and North Atlantic Oscillation changes – E Hanna / J Overland
Group Discussion
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch (after which we move into the matsalur - lunch hall)
14:00 – 15:40
14:00 – 14:20
14:20 – 14:40
14:40 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:20
15:20 – 15:40
/media/loftslag/Mid-Latitudes-Agenda1_nov2013EH.pdf
and corrected data
-5 0 5 10 15
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
3
.
0
3
.
5
Temperature,°C
P
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
m
m
/
d
a
y
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May
Jun
JulAug
Sep
OctNov
Dec
Year
obs ALUKSNE
DMI 1961-1990 ALUKSNE
mod DMI 1961-1990 ALUKSNE
JanFeb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
AugSep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Jan
Feb
ar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Dec ear
After the
correction all 3
climate models
agree with
observed data
/media/ces/Kurpniece_Liga_CES_2010.pdf
Based on a report by
Verta et al. (2007)
92.
5
93.
0
93.
5
94.
0
94.
5
95.
0
M A MJ F J J A S O N D
Mean 19702000
Min and max 1970–2000,
natural rating curve
Target water level zone 1
Target water level zone 2
Q=+20%
Q=+10%
Q= 0%
Q=15%
Q=30%
92.90 m snow target 1
92.70 m snow target 2
Water level (m
)
Month
the regulation limits Lake Syväri has target water level zones, which are not legally
/media/ces/Water_resources_man_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
ANNUAL REPOR T 2014
2
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
?Veðurstofa Íslands 2015
Bústaðavegur 7–9, 108 Reykjavík, Iceland
The annual report was drafted by the IMO sta?.
Editor: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir
Design and layout: Hvíta húsið
Printing: Oddi
ISSN 2251-5607
Cover photo: Gro Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen
I N D E X
4 Bárðarbunga
7 Rockslide
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
Journal of Environmental Management 88
Heid
, Øste
d
e
A broad range of tools are available for integrated water resource management (IWRM). In the EU research project NeWater, a
Human dependence on water leaves us vulnerable to
climate change, flood and drought hazards, and poverty
dynamic element of vulnerable groups and their relation-
ship to water resources, and to represent the decisions
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf