(see e.g.
Steg, 2003). In studies from several countries, push
measures are perceived as less acceptable compared to
pull measures (e.g. Ho¨lzer, 2003; Rienstra, Rietveld, &
Verhoef, 1999; Steg & Vlek, 1997). For example, in a
European study, over 90% of the car users supported
improved public transport and park-and-ride schemes,
while less than 20% approved of reduced parking space
and cordon
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_Garvill_Nordlund_2006.pdf
–1990 and 2071–
2100 was assumed with the greatest warming in the
spring and fall. Precipitation changes are compara‐
tively small, with up to 10–20% average increase in the
fall between these periods but little change in other
seasons. The simulations are started from 1990.
The simulated rate of retreat is similar for Hofsjökull
and Vatnajökull, but much faster
/media/ces/ces_flyer_glacierssnowandice.pdf
of Time-
Variable Gravity Show Mass Loss in Antarctica. Science,
311, 5768, 1754 – 1756. DOI: 10.1126/science.1123785.
Wouters, B., D., Chambers and E. J. O. Schrama. 2008.
GRACE observes small-scale mass loss in Greenland.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20501, doi:10.1029/2008GL034816.
Meier, F. M., and others. 2007. Glaciers Dominate Eustatic
Sea-Level Rise in the 21st Century. Science, 317,
1064–1067
/media/ces/Johannesson_Thomas_CES_2010.pdf
20
0
60
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
20
0
60
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
50
10
0
15
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
50
10
0
15
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
10
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20
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0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
40
0
80
0
120
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
40
0
80
0
120
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
40
80
12
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0
40
80
12
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
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Xsession 5.3 X
sess on 5.4 X
session 5.5 X
lunch
plenary panel 2 X
TOTAL TURNS PER PERSON 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
/media/loftslag/Guidelines2-for-rapporteurs.pdf
with
three climatic scenarios
EMPS-model
Water-values and simulation
Climatic scenarios
Reference, Echam, Hadam
Data provided by NVE, SMHI and SYKE
Electricity system model in 2020
Predictions made by Eurelectric and Statnett
Fuel costs in 2020
Data provided by EA energy analyses
Sintef Energy Research Quantitative system analysis 4 of 21
Introduction
Electricity system model
Simulation results
Summary
/media/ces/Mo_Birger_CES_2010.pdf
......................... 17
8 Monthly averages of SURFEX or projected 2-m air temperature ...................... 18
9 Local correction factors for 10-m wind speed ............................................... 19
10 Interpolated correction factors for 10-m wind speed ...................................... 20
11 Monthly averages of original or corrected temperature and wind speed .............. 21
12
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
in
Norway was provided by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE).
TóJ 12 5.12.2009
Memo
References
Bahr, D. B., M. F. Meier and S. D. Peckham. 1997. The physical basis of glacier volume–area
scaling. J. Geophys. Res., 102(B9), 20,355–20,362.
Björnsson, H., and F. Pálsson. 2008. Icelandic glaciers. Jökull, 58, 365–386.
Fenger, J. (Ed.). 2007. Impacts of Climate Change on Renewable
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
and candidate situations is evaluated with
the Teweles-Wobus (S1) skill score (Wilks, 1995). The S1 score compares the shape of two fields
by considering their gradient at each grid point of the analogy domain:
S1(u) = 100
n 1
i=1
m
j=1
jDAi DFij+
n
i=1
m 1
j=1
jDA j DFjj
n 1i=1
m
j=1 Gi +
n
i=1
m 1
j=1 G j
(3)
with
DAi = A(i+1; j;u) A(i; j;u) (4)
DFi = F(i+1; j; t) F(i; j; t) (5)
DA j
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
............................................................................................................... 19
Table 4. Predicted quantitative changes from 1961–1990 to 2021–2050. ......................... 20
7
1 Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of climate change on the hydrological regime in Iceland,
future projections of river discharge were made for two watersheds with the WaSiM
/media/ces/2010_016.pdf