7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
M
ea
n
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
(m
3 /
s)
Present: Mean A2: Mean
Station 280001: Upstream Bygholm Lake
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
M
ax
im
u
m
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
(m
3 /
s)
Present: Max A2: Max
Station 270045: Upstream Lake Nørrestrand
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
M
ea
n
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
(m
3 /
s)
Present: Max A2: Max
/media/loftslag/Horsens_case.pdf
the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . 47
18 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . . 48
19 Directional mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . 49
20 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . . 50
21 Directional mean wind power density within the Hellisheiði region . . . . . . . . . 51
22 Seasonal mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
estimates are required at locations where
streamflow series are very short or where no data are available, making a direct estimation im-
possible. Regional flood frequency analysis such as the index flood method (IFM) (Dalrymple,
1960) offers a solution to this problem. The idea is to trade space for time and compensate for
the lack of information at the site of interest by using flood data from other
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
(see e.g.
Steg, 2003). In studies from several countries, push
measures are perceived as less acceptable compared to
pull measures (e.g. Ho¨lzer, 2003; Rienstra, Rietveld, &
Verhoef, 1999; Steg & Vlek, 1997). For example, in a
European study, over 90% of the car users supported
improved public transport and park-and-ride schemes,
while less than 20% approved of reduced parking space
and cordon
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_Garvill_Nordlund_2006.pdf
Discrete
numerical
Categorical Narrative
Constant in space and time A1 A2 A3
4Varies in time, not in space B1 B2 B3
Varies in space, not in time C1 C2 C3
It is noticed that the matrix is in reality three-dimensional
(source, type, nature). Thus, the categories type and nature
are not mutually exclusive, and it may be argued that the ma-
trix should be modified in such a way that the two uncer
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
(Quante and Colijn, 2016). Work on risk analysis and adaptation is in different
stages in the countries of the world.
Coastal floods have caused problems in Iceland in the past (Jóhannsdóttir, 2017) and are likely to do
so in the future as well. Large coastal floods can be expected in Iceland every 10 - 20 years and the
probability of such events can rise with climate change (Almannavarnir, 2011
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
the brook killing five people,
four of them children. The slide from Hæðarlækur caused great damage to the fish factory and
almost destroyed a residential house that was attached to the factory.
The cycle in 1958 was not as violent as in 1950 but it also caused extensive damage. At least
20 landslides fell near the settlement in Seyðisfjörður with most of the damage on the south
coast. Two large
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
no
tcaus
e
mor
e
problem
si
n
th
e
(far
)futur
e
(20
year
s
o
r
more
)
Vos
s
et
al
.(
200
6),
Dub
e
an
d
Swatu
k
(200
2),
Kicker
te
t
al
.(
199
7)
Alread
y
no
w
preparation
s
ar
e
take
n
fo
rth
e
(far
)futur
e
(20
year
s
o
r
more
)
Raadgeve
re
t
al
.(
200
8),
Pahl-Wos
te
t
al
.(
2007
c),
Vos
s
et
al
.(
200
6)
13
.Flexibl
e
measures
,
keepin
g
option
s
ope
n
Measure
s
take
n
no
w
o
r
propose
d
fo
rth
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf