), Torfajökull (To) and Mýrdalsjökull (M) ice caps.
V: automatic weather station at Vík in Mýrdalur. On the inset map of Iceland: location
of the study area as well as Langjökull (L), Hofsjökull (H) and Vatnajökull (Va) ice
caps. The plot shows the elevation distribution of the E, Ti and To ice caps as area
(km2) per 10 m elevation interval.
Digital Elevation models calculated using:
a) SPOT 5 HRS
/media/ces/glacier_mass_balance_poster.pdf
Road transport
operation and
infrastructure planning
– case Finland
Heikki Tuomenvirta and Adriaan Perrels
Climate Change Research Unit
Socie-economic impacts of climate and weather
+ ca. 5000 (streets, private, etc)
VENÄLÄINEN, A. and KANGAS, M., 2003. Estimation of winter road maintenance costs using climate data. Meteorol. Appl. 10, 69-73.
INCREASE OF TRAFFIC VOLUME 2006 -> 2030
/media/loftslag/Case_B___Road_transport_operation_and_infrastructure_planning.pdf
van der Keur P, Henriksen, HJ, Refsgaard JC, Brugnach M, Pahl-Wostl C, DeWulf A, Buiteveld H (2008) Identification of major sources of uncertainty in current
IWRM practice. Illustrated for the Rhine basin. Water Resources Management, 22, 1677-1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9248-6
van Roosmalen L, Sonnenborg TO, Jensen KH (2009) Impact of climate and land use change on the hydrology
/media/vedurstofan/PhD_course-Programme_26Aug2011-final.pdf
@vedur.is),
P. Crochet, Th. Thorsteinsson, O. Sigurðsson, B. Einarsson
Institute of Earth Science, University of Iceland and DMI
H. Björnsson, S. Guðmundsson, F. Pálsson, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir
Section for Glaciers, Snow and Ice, NVE
L. M. Andreassen, K. Melvold, H. Elvehøy
Uppsala University and Geophys. Inst., University of Alaska
R. Hock, V. Radic
Geocenter Copenhagen, GEUS
A. Ahlstrøm, H
/media/ces/ces_flyer_glacierssnowandice.pdf
with the following equation,
h = c
t
2
where c is the speed of light (c = 2.99 x 108 m/s). In principle, CL51 is able to detect three cloud
layers simultaneously, but if the cloud base is obscured due to precipitation or ground-based
fog, vertical visibility is reported. Information about fog and precipitation can also be derived
from the return signal as they attenuate the return signal from a cloud. In its
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
size.
References
1. Meehl, G.A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J.F.B. Mitchell, R.J. Stouffer and
K.E. Taylor, 2007: The WCRP CMIP3 Multimodel Dataset: A New Era in Climate Change Research, BAMS,
88, 1383-1394, DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1383.
2. Naki �enovi � N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J Fenhann, S. Gaffin, K. Gregory,
A.Grübler, T.Y. Jung, T. Kram, E.L. La Rovere
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_VMGO.pdf