Change 19 (2009) 122–133
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 14 November 2007
Received in revised form 21 August 2008
Accepted 25 August 2008
Keywords:
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Scenario
Participation
Resilience
Brazil
A B S T R A C T
The main drawback of the Story-and-Simulation approach is the weak link between qualitative and
quantitative scenarios. A semi-quantitative tool, Fuzzy
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
at Bárðarbunga was measured
with the radar system of Isavia’s aircraft. The measurements show large changes on
the ice-surface. Up to 15 m subsidence has occurred in the centre of the caldera,
which corresponds to a volume change of 0.25 km3. The shape of the subsidence
area is in accordance with the elevation of the caldera floor having lowered by that
amount.
o Subsidence of this order has
/media/jar/Factsheet-Bardarbunga-140906.pdf
in Fjarðarbyggð.
Air quality in urban areas in the East of Iceland:
o Forecasts indicate that high concentrations of sulphuric gases may be
expected in the northern part of the Eastern fjords, Fljótsdalur, Hérað,
Jökuldalur, and on Langanes. Forecast indicates that concentration may
become higher later today. The Environment Agency will set up new
monitoring stations in Akureyri
/media/jar/myndsafn/Factsheet-Bardarbunga-20140913.pdf
eruptive fissures had opened
to the south of the on-going eruption.
At 8:30, a surveillance flight with scientists from the IMO and University of Iceland
observed the following
o Two new eruptive fissures formed south of the previous eruption site in
Holuhraun, in a graben, that had formed above the intrusion, about 2km
away from Dyngjujökull.
o The eruptive fire fountains from the new
/media/jar/Factsheet-Bardarbunga-140905.pdf
study and location of catchments. Catchment vhm278 is embedded
within vhm148 and catchment vhm277 is embedded within vhm149.
9
l
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0 100 200 300
10
0
20
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0
Day since 1st Sept.
Q
m³
/s
VHM 148
S ON D J F M A M J J A
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0 100 200 300
15
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45
0
Day since 1st Sept.
Q
m³
/s
VHM
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
Radic, V., Roald, L. A., Rosberg, J., Rogozova, S., Sigurðsson, O., Suomalainen, M., Thorsteinsson, T., Vehviläinen, B., & Veijalainen, N. (2007). Impacts of climate change on river runoff, glaciers and hydropower in the Nordic area. Joint final report from the CE Hydrological Models and Snow and Ice Groups. Reykjavík: Climate and Energy [Report (high resolution 15 MB)] [Report (low resolution 4 MB
/climatology/research/ce/publications/
Based on a report by
Verta et al. (2007)
92.
5
93.
0
93.
5
94.
0
94.
5
95.
0
M A MJ F J J A S ON D
Mean 19702000
Min and max 1970–2000,
natural rating curve
Target water level zone 1
Target water level zone 2
Q=+20%
Q=+10%
Q= 0%
Q=15%
Q=30%
92.90 m snow target 1
92.70 m snow target 2
Water level (m
)
Month
the regulation limits Lake Syväri has target water level zones, which are not legally
/media/ces/Water_resources_man_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
the location of the mass balance
stakes at Breiðamerkurjökull (Bre). The red box indicates the posi-
tion of the frame to the right. (C) Hoffellsjökull surface topography
in 2001. The ice divide and the model domain are indicated with the
red curve enclosing a glaciated area of ∼212 km2 in 2001. Black
triangles show the locations of automatic weather stations on the
glacier. N is the location
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
Conclusions of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Icelandic Civil Protection:
• The eruptive activity at Holuhraun continues at similar intensity.
o Lava flows to the East at similar rates as yesterday. The lava is now flowing in
the river bed of Jökulsá á Fjöllum. No explosive activity due to the lava and
river water interaction has been observed, but steam rises from the lava.
• Air
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga-140909.pdf