(Sigurðsson et al., 2004). In our model configuration the maximum elevation
of the Hofsjökull ice cap is approximately 1540 metres, i.e. more than 250 me-
tres lower than in reality. Hence, we use area-integrated data from an elevation
range of approximately 1450–1650 metres along the three profiles HN, HSV
and HSA (Jóhannesson et al., 2006). The winter balance on Hofsjökull has
been modelled
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_91.pdf
relate to other me-
teorological factors and if the performance depends on the temporal resolution
of the data and geographical location. The work should shed a light on which
aspects need improving. Increased understanding of the limitations of the sim-
ulations on a short timescale will also be beneficial for their use in hydrological
purposes.
This paper begins with a short description of rain
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
and 25% coldest years
All years
1971-2000
25% coldest
25% warmest
Change in number of flood events (POT)
between 25% warmest and 25% coldest years
POT > median Q peaks (71-00)
barb2right +22%
+1.7°CCatchment name
POT > mean annual maximum Q (71-00)
SW rain-shadow
barb2right +156%
barb2right -56%
North rain-shadow South-SW exposedCenter North
Catchment name
Summary
• All catchments showed signs
/media/ces/Crochet_Philippe_CES_2010.pdf
Capacity (A)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
control
future
+0.4std dev (as % of
mean)
-0.68max
-8.32min
-1.74mean
% change
June 2010 15
Time series
450
500
550
600
650
700
Hour
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Typical year of control period
Seasonal average rating
Calculated capacity
450
500
550
600
650
700
Hour
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Typical year under future scenario
Calculated capacity
Seasonal average
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
Þorsteinsson managed the project with great enthusiasm and assisted me through this
work and Vilhjálmur S. Kjartansson was essential to make the field work a success and
made valuable comments on the setup of the temperature recorder in Skaftá.
The Icelandic Graduate Research Fund supported my studies by funding a part of
my salary at the Hydrological Service during this work. I was provided
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
M
(171FT
)
FRE
Q
UENCIE
S
(PE
R
CENT
)
O
F
OCCU
R
RENC
E
O
F
CONCURREN
T
WIN
D
DIRECTIO
N
(I
N
30
0
SEC
T
ORS
)
AN
D
SPEE
D
(I
N
KN
O
TS
)
WITHI
N
SPECIFIE
D
RANGE
S
ANN
U
A
L
WIN
D
WIN
D
SPEE
D
(KT)
)
DIRECTIO
N
CAL
M
1–
5
6–1
0
11–1
5
16–2
0
21–2
5
26–3
0
31–3
5
36–4
0
41–4
5
46–5
0
>5
0
T
O
T
A
L
V
ARIABL
E
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35-36-0
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
14
02-03-0
4
0
2
4
4
3
1
0
0
/media/vedur/aerodrome_summaries_20140603.pdf
(Percent) By
Year Built Categories
Percent of Homes Damaged By Year Built
Categories
36
24
26
28
30
32
34
Pre 1980 80-96 97-2002 Post 2002
Percent Damaged
All Homes – Damage Per Square
Foot
All Homes - Damage Per Square Foot
2
2.5
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
0
0.5
1
1.5
< 120 120-129 130-139 140-149 > 149
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
Pre 1980
1980-1996
1997-2002
Post 2002
/media/loftslag/FMI_-_Disaster_Mitigation.pdf
Thursday, 14 November
Time Agenda Item
09:00 – 10:30
09:00 – 09:20
09:20 – 09:40
09:40 – 10:00
10:00 – 10:30
Potential Arctic / Mid-Latitude Linkages - East Asia (Chair: Jim Overland)
Rapid Arctic Warming in Recent Decades and Its Impact on Climate Change over East Asia
- S-J Kim
Extreme weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to cryosphere loss - Q Tang
A cause of the AO
/media/loftslag/Mid-Latitudes-Agenda1_nov2013EH.pdf
of melt water from glaciated
areas in long integrations for a warming climate.
Glacier dynamics
This problem can be qualitatively analysed by considering the continuity equation for ice vol-
ume, which may be expressed as
¶h
¶t
+
¶q
¶x
= b or
¶h
¶t
+~ ~q = b ; (1)
for a one-dimensional ice flow channel or an ice cap that flows in two horizontal dimensions,
respectively. h is ice thickness, q or ~q/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
s
fro
m
climat
e
ch
ang
e
an
d
cr
o
ss
bou
ndar
y
adaptatio
n
measu
res
.
In
th
e
Netherl
and
s
fo
r
hyd
rodyna
m
ic
mod
el
syst
em
s
lik
e
SOB
EK-
W
AQ
UA
(loca
lleve
l)
an
d
e.g
.
fo
rR
hi
ne
flo
w
(ba
sin
wi
de
)c
o
n
sid
er
ab
le
u
n
ce
rta
in
tie
s
ex
ist
(W
ee
rts
et
al
.200
3)
D
ev
el
op
m
en
to
fi
nt
eg
ra
te
d
ba
sin
m
o
de
l(
flo
od
ing
an
d
poll
ution)
.
2:
St
at
ist
ic
al
/q
ua
lit
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf