Of Precipitation In Latvia. XXV Nordic Hydrological conference, Northern Hydrology and its Global Role, 11-13 August, 2008, Reykjavik, Iceland. ISBN 978-9979-68-238-7. NHP Report No. 50, P. 134-142.
Hisdal, H., Barthelmie, R., Lindström, G., Kolcova, T., Kriauciuniené, J. & Reihan, A. (2007). Statistical Analysis. In: J. Fenger (Ed.) Impacts of Climate Change on Renewable Energy Sources: Their role
/ces/publications/nr/1943
?
• Based on thermodynamic and heat
transfer models accounting for:
Wire
resistance
Solar
heating
Radiative
cooling
Convective
cooling
June 2010 7
How are ratings determined?
• UK network standards assume seasonal
average temperatures and worst-case
wind conditions, i.e. low wind speeds
Summer → 20˚C; Spring/Autumn → 9˚C;
Winter → 2˚C
• Real-time monitoring (‘dynamic rating’) is
not commonly
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
Results
W
i
n
t
e
r
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Max snow depth
Trend slope
Number of snow days
Period II
P
e
r
i
o
d
I
I
I
Max snow depth Number of snow days
Norwegian Meteorological Institute met.no
Correlation analysis (1961-08)
138 mutual stations
Introduction Data & Methods Results
Correlation with
winter
temperature
Correlation with
winter
precipitation
In warmer regions both snow
parameters
/media/ces/Dyrrdal_Anita_CES_2010.pdf
reference (µi(D)) and estimated (bµi(D)) index floods.
The reference index flood was defined by the arithmetic mean of the observed AMF sample at
the target site and the estimated index flood was obtained by Eq. (4).
RMSEµ(%) =
s
1
N
N
i=1
µi(D) bµi(D)
µi(D)
2
x100 (8)
Reference and estimated flood quantiles were compared at each target site, for average recur-
rence intervals T of 2, 5, 10, 20/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
lllll
lll
l
l
ll
l
l
l l
l
−2 0 2 4 6
0
40
0
80
0
120
0
−ln(−ln(1−1/T))
Q
(m
³/s
)
1 2 5 10 50
T (years)
l
l
l
Ref: vhm238
IFM−ROI 5
IFM−ROI−ref
CDF Annual Max. Inst. Q with best IFM
µ(D)=(θ0)(AP)(θ1)
l l
lll
lllll
llll
llll
lllllll
llllll
llll
l
l l
l l
l
l
−2 0 2 4 6
0
20
0
60
0
−ln(−ln(1−1/T))
Q
(m
³/s
)
1 2 5 10 50
T (years)
l
l
l
Ref: vhm144
IFM−ROI 5
IFM−ROI−ref
l lll
llll
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
a
l
y
(
°
C
)
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
-20
-10
0
1
0
2
0
R
u
n
o
f
f
a
n
o
m
a
l
y
(
%
)
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
o
m
a
l
y
(
%
)
Large-scale atmospheric patterns
and hydroclimatological variables
Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns,
are more accurately assessed by Global
Climate Models than are local variations
/media/ces/ces_SA_group_flyer_new.pdf
including, for example, ensuring dam safety. The
goal of the new Climate and Energy Systems project is to look at climate impacts closer in time and assess the
a n o ect ves o t e ro ect
An evaluation of risk under increased uncertainty in
order to improve decision making in a changing
climate was carried out through the following steps:
development of the Nordic electricity system for the next
/media/ces/ces_risk_flyer.pdf
years, IMO has participated in extensive research supported by the European Commission, EC, and various other funds, which is meant to improve this situation. The results of the collective research were published in 2009 in a book called The design of avalanche protection dams - Recent practical and theoretical developments.
The design of protective measures in the run-out zones of avalanches
/about-imo/news/nr/1631