At 2250 UTC, the plume was detected by the
weather radar at ~
8 km height over Vatnajökull,
reaching ~
12 km four hours later (Figure 1c).
Lightning over Grímsvötn, which accompanied
the rising plume (Figure 3d), was eventually
seen at ~0300 UTC, but darkness and weather
conditions prevented visual observation of the
eruption site until the following day.
Over the next two days, the strength
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