caldera
covered by 150- to 250-m-thick ice (Figure
1). Its highest peak, Grímsfjall, on the southern
caldera rim, reaches an elevation of 1722 m.
Volcanic eruptions there, numbering several
per century, are phreatomagmatic because
of the ice cover, and they usually persist for
days to weeks. Geothermal activity continu-
ously melts the overlying ice, and meltwater
accumulates in a subglacial
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
the eruption drifts to the east. High level of SO2, sulphur dioxide, was
measured at Reyðarfjörður last night around 10:00 o’clock. The highest value
measured were just under 4000 micrograms per cubic meter. These are the highest
values measured in Iceland. High level, 685 micrograms per cubic meter, was also
measured in Egilsstaðir.
Warning was sent via the GSM system to all mobile phones
/media/jar/myndsafn/Factsheet-Bardarbunga-20140913.pdf
and western sides of the crater
lake is a wall of ice. On the northern side a tephra wall rises 20 meters
above the water. The ice walls at the southwestern corner of the crater
are melting, i.e. at the site of the vent that was active 4 – 6 June. The
rate of melting is assumed to be about one cuber meterper second.
Seismic tremor: Low tremor level. Pulses are observed off and on.
Earthquakes
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-06-15_IES_IMO.pdf
to
an average time between jökulhlaups from the western cauldron of 24 months.
The cumulative volume of outflow from the western cauldron is shown, as a func-
tion of time, on Figure 3.4. In total, approximately 2325 Gl of water have been released
from the western cauldron since the first recorded jökulhlaup in 1968, giving an aver-
age rate of water accumulation in the subglacial lake of 5 Gl per/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
crustal movements north of Vatnajökull.
Air quality in urban areas in the East of Iceland:
High air pollution was detected yesterday in Mývatnssveit. The highest peak was
measured 1250 micrograms per cubic meter. The area likely affected by air pollution
from the eruptoin is now marked by Bárðardalur to the west to
Hólasandur/Merlakkaslétta platou in the east. This evening the affected area
/media/jar/myndsafn/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20140915.pdf
focussing on the maintenance of existing monitoring systems and on the use of data in modelling studies related to Arctic hydrology.
The diagram indicates the contribution from different regions and rivers to mean annual inflow of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean (total: 4270 km3 per year). A significant part of the inflow is unmonitored because no hydrological stations are operated in large areas
/about-imo/news/nr/2447
dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic GHG.
Its annual emissions have grown between 1970 and 2004 by about
80%, from 21 to 38 gigatonnes (Gt), and represented 77% of total
anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2004 (Figure 2.1). The rate of
growth of CO2-eq emissions was much higher during the recent
10-year period of 1995-2004 (0.92 GtCO2-eq per year) than during
the previous period of 1970
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
in the town of Horsens by 2,5 meter flooding.
NONAM Risk Assessment and Stakeholder Investment. Multidisciplinary Workshop in Reykjavík 26 – 27 August 2010 5
Figure 5 River basin Bygholm. Examples of challenges in the different sectors/areas
Summery of challenges in sectors/subareas:
Industrial Area Owners
Excess water from (heavy) rainfalls from roofs, roads and parking areas
/media/loftslag/CASE_A___Jes_Pedersen_(Region_Midt,_Dk)_Introduction.pdf
in the town of Horsens by 2,5 meter flooding.
NONAM Risk Assessment and Stakeholder Investment. Multidisciplinary Workshop in Reykjavík 26 – 27 August 2010 5
Figure 5 River basin Bygholm. Examples of challenges in the different sectors/areas
Summery of challenges in sectors/subareas:
Industrial Area Owners
• Excess water from (heavy) rainfalls from roofs, roads and parking areas
/media/loftslag/Case_A___Horsens_Fjord.pdf
lying areas in the City is illustrated for present climate in Figure 5. It is
expected that the future water level of the Horsens fiord will increase by 1 meter by the end of this
century.
Station 270045: Upstream Lake Nørrestrand
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
M
ea
n
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
(m
3 /
s)
Present: Mean A2: Mean
Station 280001: Upstream Bygholm Lake
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
/media/loftslag/Horsens_case.pdf