institutes
6 strainmeter
stations
~160 water leven
gauges
~200 met stations
other
measurements
Geophysical monitoring network
Volcanic eruptions main threat
Subglacial eruptions
glacial outburst – jökulhlaup
can lead to loss of life and livestock
damage to road infrastructure, communication infrastructure, industry
Ash fall
danger to livestock
fluerosis can lead to abnormal bone and theeth growt
/media/loftslag/Karlsdottir-Risk_analysis_IMO_SK.pdf
developed during the second scenario workshop (WS2) did not include any original GEO-4
text, except for Economy First. WS2 stories contained largely new material reecting the view of the subgroups. Additionally, the
title of each story was changed, indicating the increased ownership of the stakeholders. The nal scenarios were entitled: Economy
First (EcF), Policy Rules (PoR), Fortress Europe (FoE
/media/loftslag/Kok_et_al._TFSC_published_2011.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
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1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
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/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
m
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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf