with the speed of sound, as well as the plume exit velocity of Eyjafjallajökull
volcano calculated by Ripepe et. al., 2013, indicating that the first tremor that can be seen is
actually caused by an acoustic wave travelling through the air.
16
Figure 9. Seismic network maintained by the IMO as of February 26, 2000. The location of
Hekla is marked by a red star. The four stations to the WSW plotted
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
developed during the second scenario workshop (WS2) did not include any original GEO-4
text, except for Economy First. WS2 stories contained largely new material reecting the view of the subgroups. Additionally, the
title of each story was changed, indicating the increased ownership of the stakeholders. The nal scenarios were entitled: Economy
First (EcF), Policy Rules (PoR), Fortress Europe (FoE
/media/loftslag/Kok_et_al._TFSC_published_2011.pdf
part of Upper Tisza. Based on data from EM-DAT:
The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database 2008
1 For a disaster to be entered into the Emergency Events Database
(EM-DAT) at least one of the following criteria must be fulfilled: (1)
Ten or more people reported killed; (2) Hundred people reported
affected; (3) Declaration of a state of emergency; (4) Call for
international assistance (From: EM
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE ICELANDIC POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD OF THE ICELANDIC CIVIL PROTECTION
Date: 28.02.2015 Time: 10:00 Location: Crisis Coordination Centre, Skogarhlid.
Regarding: Volcanic activity in the Bardarbunga system.
Attending: Scientists from Icelandic Met Office and the Institute of Earth Sciences
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20150228.pdf
The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
risk of eruptive activity
that could affect air traffic. Consequently, the Icelandic Meteorological
Office raised the Aviation Color Code for Öræfajökull from Green to Yellow. At
the same time, the Icelandic Civil Protection and Emergency Management raised
their alert level to Uncertainty phase.Since the unrest in September 2017, the level
of monitoring around the volcano has increased
/about-imo/news/the-imo-and-the-icelandic-civile-protection-agency-reassess-the-status-for-oraefajokull
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE ICELANDIC POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD OF THE ICELANDIC CIVIL PROTECTION
Date: 03.10.2014 Time: 09:30 Location: Crisis Coordination Centre, Skogarhlid.
Regarding: Volcanic activity in the Bardarbunga system.
Attending: Scientists from Icelandic Met Office and the Institute of Earth Sciences
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141003.pdf
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE ICELANDIC POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD OF THE ICELANDIC CIVIL PROTECTION
Date: 08.10.2014 Time: 09:30 Location: Crisis Coordination Centre, Skogarhlid.
Regarding: Volcanic activity in the Bardarbunga system.
Attending: Scientists from Icelandic Met Office and the Institute of Earth Sciences
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141008.pdf
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE ICELANDIC POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD OF THE ICELANDIC CIVIL PROTECTION
Date: 10.10.2014 Time: 09:30 Location: Crisis Coordination Centre, Skogarhlid.
Regarding: Volcanic activity in the Bardarbunga system.
Attending: Scientists from Icelandic Met Office and the Institute of Earth Sciences
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141010.pdf