Jökulhlaups in Skaftá: A study of a jökul-
hlaup from the Western Skaftá cauldron
in the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland
Bergur Einarsson, Veðurstofu Íslands
VÍ 2009-006
Skýrsla
Jökulhlaups in Skaftá: A study of jökul-
hlaup from the Western Skaftá cauldron
in the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland
Bergur Einarsson
VÍ 2009-006
ISSN 1670-8261
Skýrsla
+354 522 60 00
+354 522 60 06
vedur@vedur.is
Veðurstofa
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
biomass at EBT and FF in Finland
Management
regimes
Current c mate C mate c ange
EBT FF Total EBT FF Total
TWh yr-1 % TWh yr-1 %
M0 (0%) 8.7 40.4 49.1 -- 17.8 67.5 85.4 --
M1 (+15%) 8.7 43.9 52.6 7 18.1 72.8 90.9 7
M2 (+30%) 8.4 46.4 54.8 12 18.4 76.4 94.8 11
M3 (+45%) 8.1 48.7 56.8 16 19.0 80.3 99.3 16
a
l
a
r
e
a
(
m
2
h
a
-
1
)
Basal area just
before thinning
Remaining basal
area threshold
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
Occasional Paper no. 20, Center for
International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.
Pelosi, C., M. Goulard, and G. Balent. 2010. The
spatial scale mismatch between ecological
processes and agricultural management: Do
difficulties come from underlying theoretical
frameworks? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
139(4):455-462.
Pierre, J., editor. 2000. Debating governance:
authority
/media/loftslag/Kok_and_Veldkamp_editorial_ES-2011-4160.pdf
Psolid and redistribution of snow is
not taken into account. A threshold range of 1 to 2 ◦C is used to distinguish snowfall and rain.
Melt-water refreezing is parameterized according to Reeh (1991), using a melt-water retention
capacity of 60% of the water equivalent of the snow cover.
The glacier mass balance model is designed to operate on large areas. For model input
entire grids from RCM output
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
geoscientist on duty
The largest earthquakes in Bárðarbunga (northwestern Vatnajökull) since 9am yesterday were M4.5 at 11:35 (23 Dec.) and M4.6 at 22:23. Three more were over 4 in magnitude. In total, around 60 quakes were detected in Bárðarbunga. At the northern end of the dyke intrusion six earthquakes were detected, all under M2.
The new earthquake sequence south of Langjökull, about 10 km
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3055
geoscientist on duty
The largest earthquakes in Bárðarbunga (northwestern Vatnajökull) since 9am yesterday were M4.5 at 11:35 (23 Dec.) and M4.6 at 22:23. Three more were over 4 in magnitude. In total, around 60 quakes were detected in Bárðarbunga. At the northern end of the dyke intrusion six earthquakes were detected, all under M2.
The new earthquake sequence south of Langjökull, about 10 km
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3055/
at 20:57 last
night (8 Dec.), located at the southeastern rim of the caldera. Seven more were above M4. In
total, the number of earthquakes at Bárðarbunga since 10 AM yesterday is about 60. In the
dike intrusion a dozen small quakes were detected. A few occurred at Tungnafellsjökull, the
largest just under M2. The eruption in Holuhraun has been visible on web cameras this
morning.
8 December
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_December-events.pdf
) noted that Iceland had a maritime
climate that was much milder than its position on the globe might suggest. In
data from 1981–2010, Iceland annual average temperatures ranged from 6°C at the
south coast to 3°C at the north coast, with a substantially colder highland
interior. In comparison with the latitudinal average for the same period, the
coastal temperatures in Iceland are 8–10°C warmer
/climatology/iceland/climate-report