). The maps take into effect regional climate conditions in four places and are the results of two kinds of modelling (APGCM models) for general circulation of climate in addition to the release of two greenhouse-gas varieties.
Hydrological maps
Related topics
/hydrology/runoff/
-2049. Projections are based on simulations performed
with 18 global climate models under the SRES A1B, A2 and B1 greenhouse gas scenar-
ios.
To facilitate reading the report, only the most essential diagrams and maps are included
in the main text, additional material being positioned in the appendix.
1 MODELLED SOLAR RADIATION DATA
The quantity examined is incident solar radiation (also termed
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_solar_CMIP3.pdf
in comparison with natural variability, the simulated greenhouse-
gas-induced precipitation changes are weaker than changes in temperature. Thus, for example,
the probability that the mean annual precipitation in 2011-2020 in northern Europe will
exceed the mean for 1971-2000 is only 60-80%, depending on the region considered.
However, the probability increases in later decades when the signal
/media/ces/raisanen_ruosteenoja_CES_D2.2.pdf
the increase (decrease) of annual runoff. ( Bates et al. 2008.)
403/02/2010
Opportunities for renewables
Energy efficiency improvement and renewables are most important alternatives
for the reductions of greenhouse gas emissions
Other alternatives
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Nuclear power
Increase of biospheric carbon sinks
Emission reduction concerning other sectors (waste, agriculture, industry
/media/ces/Savolainen_Ilkka_CES_2010.pdf
such as tornadoes,
hail, lightning and dust storms. There is no clear trend in the annual
numbers of tropical cyclones. {WGI 3.2, 3.8, 4.4, 5.3, SPM}
2
Causes of change
Topic 2 Causes of change
36
Causes of change
This Topic considers both natural and anthropogenic drivers of
climate change, including the chain from greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions to atmospheric concentrations to radiative
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
(1979 -2006).
The sea ice albedo feedback is often cited as being responsible for the large changes in future sea ice conditions in the Arctic.
In this presentation we look at other feedbacks mechanisms involving the atmosphere (clouds) and the ocean in promoting ice free conditions. Simulations from control and forced runs are presented to bring to light the effect of increased greenhouse gas
/about-imo/news/nr/1665
Global Climate Change, its expression and impacts on natural systems in Iceland is one of the research topics at IMO. Climate Change is largely driven by the increase in greenhouse gasses, due to human induced emissions.
On Wednesday June 13th 2012 Professor Michael E. Mann, Director of the Earth System Science Center
/about-imo/news/nr/2492
temperatures during winter time. Temperatures data used for Sandá í
Þistilfirði, vhm 26, were therefore shifted before being used as input for the hydrological
modelling.
2 Introduction
Increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is predicted to lead to
changed climate (IPCC, 2007). These changes will affect the hydrological regime as it is to
large extent dependent
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
are international and countries exchange large amounts of data on a daily basis. Additionally, synchronous observations are made worldwide, allowing the state of the atmosphere to be mapped and examined.
Frequent observations made over long periods allow global atmospheric changes such as the enhanced greenhouse effect to be monitored and detected.
Weather observations are also necessary
/weather/articles/nr/1220
composition. Environment Canada does passive sampling of persistent organic pollutants. Surface ozone is monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, of Boulder, Colorado.
Greenhouse gases have been monitored at Stórhöfði since 1991 by NOAA where the results are interpreted with similar data from all over the world. Continuous data plots of various greenhouse gases
/pollution-and-radiation/pollution/