at
e
(C
limat
e
models
)
GC
M
s
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
RCM
s
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
Initia
lco
n
ditions
/
nat
ura
lva
riabilit
y
X
X
XX
X
D
ow
ns
ca
lin
g/
sta
tis
tic
al
co
rr
ec
tio
n
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
W
ate
r
syst
em
impact
s
(H
yd
ro
-e
co
lo
gi
ca
lm
o
de
ls)
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Socio
-econo
m
ic
imp
act
s
(So
ci
o-
ec
on
om
ic
to
ol
s)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
A
da
pt
ati
on
m
ea
su
re
s
X
X
X
X
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
the Finnish Environment Institute,
Regional Environment Centres and the Department of Geography,
University of Turku. The input data sets, from which the final grids
were created, consisted of photogrammetric TIN (Triangulated
Irregular Network) models in Lapua (with point density of c.
20 m and ±30 cm z accuracy) and Kittilä (with point density of
10–40 m and ±20 cm z accuracy), 10 m national Digital
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
................................................................................................................................... 88
Melvold, K. and Laumann, T.
A coupled mass-balance and ice-flow model for Midtdalsbreen; projection of glacier length based on climate
scenarios (CES) ..................................................................................................................................................... 90
Thorsteinsson, Th., Sigurðsson, O. and Einarsson, B.
Monitoring changes
/media/ces/ces-oslo2010_proceedings.pdf
............................................................................................................... 19
Table 4. Predicted quantitative changes from 1961–1990 to 2021–2050. ......................... 20
7
1 Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of climate change on the hydrological regime in Iceland,
future projections of river discharge were made for two watersheds with the WaSiM
/media/ces/2010_016.pdf
]
m
³/s
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
E[Q(D=0)] vhm148
l
l
REF
IFM−ROI
IFM−CLU
l IFM−WaSiM
l l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
2 4 6 8 10 12
20
0
40
0
60
0
80
0
IFM no.
E[
Q]
m
³/s
l l l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
E[Q(D=0)] vhm149
l
l
REF
IFM−ROI
IFM−CLU
l IFM−WaSiM
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
2 4 6 8 10 12
20
0
40
0
60
0
80
0
IFM no.
E[
Q]
m
³/s
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l l l
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
properly even if the
sample size is increased and systematic biases may be expected.
2.2.3 Predictors
Mean sea level pressure (MSLP), geopotential height (Z), specific humidity (q) and tempera-
ture (T) at different pressure levels are considered in this study to describe the meteorological
situations at the synoptic scale and to identify weather analogues. The MSLP and geopotential
height (Z) describe
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
10. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box J, Hella. ........................ 97
Figure B.11. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box K, Hraungerði. ............. 97
Figure B.12. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box L, Skeið. ........................ 98
Figure B.13. Rake distribution for mapped faults/clusters in box M, Land. ....................... 98/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf
respec-
tively. Due to limited data availability, for the SMHI-RCAO run, the 20th Century control period
is restricted to the 20-year period 1971–90, and the second 21st Century reference period is limited
to the years of 2070–80. For the MetNo-HIRHAM runs, no data are available during the second
21st Century reference period.
3 Spatial Variability of Climate Trends
This section discusses
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf