at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
by
rescaling a dimensionless regional flood frequency distribution or growth curve, qR(D;T ), com-
mon to all sites of the homogeneous region, with the so-called index flood, µi(D), of the target
site:
bQi(D;T ) = µi(D)qR(D;T ); (1)
where bQi(D;T ) is the estimated flood quantile, i.e. the T -year flood peak discharge averaged
over duration D, at site i. The regional growth curve, qR(D;T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
support
)
Improv
e
mode
l
(integration)
;
socia
llea
rnin
g
Farmers
,loca
l
aut
horities
,
association
s
NO
P
IN
D
Cognitiv
e
mappin
g
HE
T
GM
B
NO
P
HE
T
Simulation
-
by-han
d
OT
:Researcher
s
KA
F
F
Iska
r (Phas
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)
Co
n
ce
pt
u
al
m
o
de
l
(D
is
cu
ss
io
n
su
pp
o
rt
;
Com
m
unication
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Improv
e
mode
l
(integration)
;
socia
llea
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l
poli
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NO
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IN
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Cognitiv
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HE
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
that occur in Botnabrún or at the rim of Þófinn are debris slides. The size of the slides
varies depending on the source area.
C Mudslides or mudflows occur where there is an abundance of soils. They normally occur
in areas where the vegetation cover has been breached. Common occurrences in Seyðis-
fjörður are in the mountain Bjólfur and in the valley west of the settlement.
D Rockfalls are a common
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
(-33%) during 1970 to 2004 has been smaller than the com-
bined effect of global income growth (77%) and global population
growth (69%); both drivers of increasing energy-related CO2 emis-
sions. The long-term trend of declining CO2 emissions per unit of en-
ergy supplied reversed after 2000. {WGIII 1.3, Figure SPM.2, SPM}
Differences in per capita income, per capita emissions and
energy
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
frequency distributions for Re-
gion 1 derived with index flood model no. 6: bµ(D) = a(AP=Z)b ............................ 39
5
Appendix VI - Empirical and modeled daily flood frequency distributions for
Region 2 derived with index flood model no. 3: bµ(D) = a(APm)b ......................... 41
Appendix VII - Instantaneous Index flood models for Region 1. .......................... 43
Appendix VIII
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
of events closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
the com-
plexity of the hydrological processes through modelling, but its application is usually limited to
the short-range. Although the results demonstrated a great potential for this method, its success-
ful application in real-time will strongly depend on the quality and availability of streamflow
observations, which can be poor or simply missing during periods of variable durations, e.g
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
Journal of Environmental Management 88
Heid
, Øste
d
e
A broad range of tools are available for integrated water resource management (IWRM). In the EU research project NeWater, a
Human dependence on water leaves us vulnerable to
climate change, flood and drought hazards, and poverty
dynamic element of vulnerable groups and their relation-
ship to water resources, and to represent the decisions
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf