model grid point must be taken into account. At latitude f , the grid-box
size is given by
dA = a2 cosf dldf ; (1)
where a = 6371 km is the Earth’s mean radius, and latitude and longitude are measured in
radians. For the ECMWF reanalyses, angular grid-point spacing dl = df = p=180 is constant
across the domain. The low-pressure centre count at each grid point is then multiplied by dA=dA,
with mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
Forsíðumynd: Svava Björk Þorláksdóttir mælir með öldustilli
niður á festur í Iðu í Hvítá. Ljósmynd: Njáll Fannar Reynisson.
V E Ð U R S T O F A Í S L A N D S / Á R S S K Ý R S L A 2 0 1 8
3
Viðburðaríkt ár er að baki
hjá starfsfólki Veðurstofunnar
enda felast jafnan margar og
fjöl breyttar áskoranir í vöktun
og rannsóknum á náttúru -
öflum landsins.
Loftslagsmál eru mjög á
döfinni enda stærsta
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VI_Arsskyrsla_2018_vef.pdf
vhm145 Vestari-Jökulsá D+J+L 844 751 11.3 924 1971–2014
vhm167 Austari-Jökulsá D+J 553 916 28.8 1208 1985–2014
8
vhm59
vhm64
vhm66
vhm102
vhm116
vhm162
vhm233
vhm235
vhm238
vhm144
vhm145
vhm167
Figure 1. Location of river basins.
9
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l
l
l
l
l
l l
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l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
l
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l
l
l
l
l
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ll
l
l
l
l l
0 100 200 300
50
15
0
25
0
35
0
Days since Sept. 1st
Q
(m
³/s
)
vhm59
S O N D J F M A M J
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
Annual
report
? Icelandic Met O?e
Bústaðavegur –
Reykjavík
Iceland
Editors:
Sigurlaug
Gunnlaugsdóttir
Sigrún Karlsdóttir
Ingvar Kristinsson
Theódór F. Hervarsson
Design and layout:
Vinnustofa
Atla Hilmarssonar
Printing:
Oddi
Cover photo:
Oddur Sigurðsson
ISSN -
The Icelandic Meteorological O?ce, IMO, is responsi -
ble for real-time monitoring and forecasting
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
(Percent) By
Year Built Categories
Percent of Homes Damaged By Year Built
Categories
36
24
26
28
30
32
34
Pre 1980 80-96 97-2002 Post 2002
Percent Damaged
All Homes – Damage Per Square
Foot
All Homes - Damage Per Square Foot
2
2.5
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
0
0.5
1
1.5
< 120 120-129 130-139 140-149 > 149
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
Pre 1980
1980-1996
1997-2002
Post 2002
/media/loftslag/FMI_-_Disaster_Mitigation.pdf
Change 19 (2009) 122–133
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 14 November 2007
Received in revised form 21 August 2008
Accepted 25 August 2008
Keywords:
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Scenario
Participation
Resilience
Brazil
A B S T R A C T
The main drawback of the Story-and-Simulation approach is the weak link between qualitative and
quantitative scenarios. A semi-quantitative tool, Fuzzy
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
Differences between the three TDM measures were
assessed with repeated measures ANOVAs and post hoc
test with Bonferroni correction (F-values, levels of sig-
nificance, and effect sizes are presented in Table 3).
2The univariate ANOVAs for the two levels of increased tax on fuel,
show that the increase with five SEK/liter fuel was perceived to lead to a
larger infringement on freedom to choose travel mode
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_Garvill_Nordlund_2006.pdf
@vedur.is),
P. Crochet, Th. Thorsteinsson, O. Sigurðsson, B. Einarsson
Institute of Earth Science, University of Iceland and DMI
H. Björnsson, S. Guðmundsson, F. Pálsson, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir
Section for Glaciers, Snow and Ice, NVE
L. M. Andreassen, K. Melvold, H. Elvehøy
Uppsala University and Geophys. Inst., University of Alaska
R. Hock, V. Radic
Geocenter Copenhagen, GEUS
A. Ahlstrøm, H
/media/ces/ces_flyer_glacierssnowandice.pdf