......................... 17
8 Monthly averages of SURFEX or projected 2-m air temperature ...................... 18
9 Local correction factors for 10-m wind speed ............................................... 19
10 Interpolated correction factors for 10-m wind speed ...................................... 20
11 Monthly averages of original or corrected temperature and wind speed .............. 21
12
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
in
Norway was provided by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE).
TóJ 12 5.12.2009
Memo
References
Bahr, D. B., M. F. Meier and S. D. Peckham. 1997. The physical basis of glacier volume–area
scaling. J. Geophys. Res., 102(B9), 20,355–20,362.
Björnsson, H., and F. Pálsson. 2008. Icelandic glaciers. Jökull, 58, 365–386.
Fenger, J. (Ed.). 2007. Impacts of Climate Change on Renewable
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
and candidate situations is evaluated with
the Teweles-Wobus (S1) skill score (Wilks, 1995). The S1 score compares the shape of two fields
by considering their gradient at each grid point of the analogy domain:
S1(u) = 100
n 1
i=1
m
j=1
jDAi DFij+
n
i=1
m 1
j=1
jDA j DFjj
n 1i=1
m
j=1 Gi +
n
i=1
m 1
j=1 G j
(3)
with
DAi = A(i+1; j;u) A(i; j;u) (4)
DFi = F(i+1; j; t) F(i; j; t) (5)
DA j
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
............................................................................................................... 19
Table 4. Predicted quantitative changes from 1961–1990 to 2021–2050. ......................... 20
7
1 Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of climate change on the hydrological regime in Iceland,
future projections of river discharge were made for two watersheds with the WaSiM
/media/ces/2010_016.pdf
Volcanol. 68: 377–393. Doi:10.1007/s00445-005-0020-y.
Rögnvaldsson, S. Th. and R. Slunga (1993). Routine fault plane solutions for local
networks: a test with synthetic data. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 4, 1232–1247.
Rögnvaldsson, S. Th. and R. Slunga (1994). Single and joint fault plane solutions for
microearthquakes in South Iceland. Tectonophysics, 237, 73–86.
Scholz, C. H. (1988
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_013.pdf
%)
Ice-free ocean & Overcast 186 (20%) 22 (12%) 32 (17%) 40 (22%) 92 (49%)
41
whether this also holds for monthly averages. Based on data from an ongoing IMO reanalysis
project, this will be the subject of future analyses.
References
Brousseau, P., Berre, L., Bouttier, F., & Desroziers, G. (2011). Background-error covariances for
a convective-scale data-assimilation system: AROME – France 3D-Var
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
& Ólafsson, H. (2010). Validation of numerical simulations of precipitation in complex terrain at high temporal resolution. Hydrology Research, 41 (3-4), 164-170.
Christensen, J.H., Boberg, F., Christensen, O.B. & Lucas-Picher, P. (2008), On the need for bias correction of regional climate change projections of temperature and precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20709, doi:10.1029/2008GL035694
/ces/publications/nr/1680
from 5
years of continuous GPS measurements in
Iceland, submitted to Journal of Geophysical
VOLUME 86 NUMBER 26
28 JUNE 2005
PAGES 245–252
Eos, Vol. 86, No. 26, 28 June 2005
EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PAGES 245, 248
Forecasting and Monitoring a
Subglacial Eruption in Iceland
Fig. 1. (a) Map of Iceland illustrating the location of monitoring networks discussed in the text
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
of drift ice and temperature in Iceland in 1000 years. Jökull 19, 95?101.
Þorvaldur Thoroddsen 1916-1917. Árferði á Íslandi í þúsund ár. Hið íslenska fræðafélag, Kaupmannahöfn 1916-1917, 432 s.
Jón Eyþórsson 1949. Temperature variations in Iceland. Í Mannerfelt, C. M. (ed.), Glaciers and climate: geophysical and geomorphological essays dedicated to Hans W:son Ahlmann. Svenska sällskapet för
/climatology/articles/nr/1138