This distribution suggests a
division of the study domain into three sectors, where the presence of cyclones in different sec-
tors can be seen as being indicative of different modes of the MSLP field. The average mid- and
upper-level tropospheric circulation involved in forming cyclones in the different sectors is dis-
cussed in Section 6, while the impacts on surface weather conditions, associated
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
), S. Solomon et al.,
Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2007), pp. 1–18;
www.ipcc.ch/press/index.htm.
5. IPCC, in Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts,
Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of WG2 to
AR4, M. L. Parry et al., Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, New
York, 2007), pp. 1–16.
6. I. M. Held, B. J. Soden, J. Clim. 19, 5686 (2006).
7. T. P. Barnett, J. C. Adam, D. P. Lettenmaier
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
by season (%) between
1991-2007 and 1961-1990 in the Baltic countries
1
9
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1
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/media/ces/ces_SA_group_flyer_new.pdf
also Catalogue of Icelandic volcanoes. Jökulhlaups can be of various sizes, where the maximum
discharge and volume of floodwater spans orders of magnitudes. The largest
jökulhlaups in historic times, (e.g. outbursts from Mýrdalsjökull caused by
Katla eruptions), have had a maximum discharge on the order of 100.000 m3s-1,
comparable to the discharge of the Amazon river. The rate of discharge
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/glacial-outburst/
forStorbreen. The equations used were:
αds=0.86–0.08log10Tsum(i) (4)
αss=αice+0.35exp(–0.06Tsum(i)) (5)
The variables d and Tsum are dimensionless and de-fined as d=[dsd] where dsd is snow depth in m w.e.,Tsum=[Tacc] where Tacc is accumulated temperaturein °C relative to –5°C since last snowfall, and i isthe altitudinal interval. When dsd <=0 albedo is setto albedo of ice (below 1750 m a.s.l
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
and goals to un-
certainty in data and models have to be taken into account in
the management process.
The fundamental importance of uncertainty in water man-
agement can be illustrated by EU’s Water Framework Direc-
tive (WFD). The WFD is an outcome of EU environmental
policy, where one of the basic principles is ‘‘to contribute to
Uncertainty in the environmental m
and guidanc
Jens Christian
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
/ interaction), 4) engage / active involvement and 5) partner / co-decision
making.
3. Which knowledge is needed regarding climate effects and the involved uncertainties, and
how do we obtain such knowledge?
Knowledge is expertise, skills, what is known, facts, information and awareness or familiarity.
Uncertainty can relate to framing, emission scenario, GCM, RCM, downscaling, local
/media/vedurstofan/NONAM_1st_workshop_summary_v3.pdf
There are links to national policies in this step.
H.J. Henriksen, H.C. Barlebo / Journal of Environmen
This is followed by implementing measures which pose
huge challenges. Reforms often mean considerable changes
in established structures and roles which can raise
resistance to change. Implementation is followed by
monitoring and evaluation, where indicators of progress
toward IWRM are examined.
Tools
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
leads to
c =
h1u1 h2u2
h1 h2
: (3.2)
Using the Manning equation for discharge per unit width, q,
q =
1
n0
hR2=3H S
1=2
0 ; (3.3)
where n0 is the Manning coefficient, h is the flow depth, RH is the hydraulic radius
and S0 is mean channel slope; the relationships: u h2=3, q h5=3 and u q2=5can
18
be derived for a wide rectangular channel for which RH h and u = q=h. Now using
u1h1 = q1, u2h2
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf