and corrected data
-5 0 5 10 15
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
3
.
0
3
.
5
Temperature,°C
P
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
m
m
/
d
a
y
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May
Jun
JulAug
Sep
OctNov
Dec
Year
obs ALUKSNE
DMI 1961-1990 ALUKSNE
mod DMI 1961-1990 ALUKSNE
JanFeb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
AugSep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Jan
Feb
ar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Dec ear
After the
correction all 3
climate models
agree with
observed data
/media/ces/Kurpniece_Liga_CES_2010.pdf
for
behavioural responses to policy
• Psychological models of behaviour change (e.g., TPB)
Ajzen & Fishbein (1991)
Subjective
norm
Specific
attitudes
Perceived
behavioural
control
Intention Behaviour
Normative
beliefs
Behavioural
beliefs
Control
beliefs
P
O
L
I
C
Y
(3) Factors important for
behavioural responses to policy cont.
• Cost-minimization principle (Loukopoulos et al. 2006)
• Barriers
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_2-Acceptability-of-policy.pdf
is first derived (Figure 3, left). The cumulative area distribution function S(s) (shown
on the x-axis) represents total area of all glaciers with area less than s (shown on the y-axis
of the figure). Typically, the total glaciated area and an estimate of the area of a few of the
TóJ 4 5.12.2009
Memo
a71
a71a71
a71
Area (km2)
Volume
(km
3 )
10 103 105 107
1
10
2
10
4
10
6
Icelandic ice caps, v
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
Journal of Social Issues, 56, 407-424.
Von Korff Y, d'Aquino P, Daniell KA, Bijlsma R (2010) Designing participation processes for water management and beyond. Ecology and Society 15(3): 1.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss3/art1/
Samuelson CD (1993). A multiattribute evaluation approach to structural change in resource dilemmas. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
/media/vedurstofan/PhD_course-Programme_26Aug2011-final.pdf
the principalmethods have not changed much over the years, theamount of field work has varied. In the first 15 yearsthe monitoring programme at Storbreen was com-prehensive, often three or more snow density pits
were dug, snow depth was measured at about 600points and ablation was measured on 30 stakes
evenly distri uted on the glacier (Liestøl 1967).Based on experience of the snow pattern, the ob-
servations
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
which are significantly lower com-
pared with similar beginning and end years. Consequently, for the 2004–50 period, the average
RCM warming rates of 0.29 K per decade over the ocean, and 0.35 K per decade over the land are
somewhat larger than for the reduced IPCC ensemble mean.
Additionally, the tabulated values of SAT differences between the 1961–90 control period and
either the 2021–50
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
This is also the case with
cyclones in all three sectors. Cyclones in the eastern or western sector are also strongly affected
by the presence of central cyclones. In both sectors, cyclones tend to move east, unless there are
cyclones in the neighbouring sector, in which case pressure tendencies are reversed.
21
Figure 10. Composite mean temporal MSLP tendencies, for different MSLP modes. Com-
posite mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
to be simple and therefore has important drawbacks.
Future improvements should be made in the light of applications within a larger toolbox of scenario
methods.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Tel.: +31 317 482422; fax: +31 317 419000.
E-mail address: kasper.kok@wur.nl.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Global Environmental Change
journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf