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....................................................................................... 10
3 September 2012 .................................................................................. 12
3 Radiation fluxes at the surface ....................................................................... 16
4 Heat fluxes at the surface .............................................................................. 21
5 Net energy
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
recorded at 5-13 km depth, but fewer than
yesterday.
GPS deformation: Measurements from around Eyjafjallajökull indicate no major net
discplaceaments, suggesting a stabilization of the surface deformation
since yesterday.
Other remarks: Grainsize analysis of samples taken of ash that fell on May 3rd at 64
km distance from the eruption site shows that about 5 % of the ash is
smaller
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-05-07_IES_IMO.pdf
opportunity evaluation
Case studies
NOE Net
SEAS-NVE
Findings of case studies
• Distribution companies generally well
equipped for climate change
– Cabling of all overhead lines well under way
– Distribution boxes in areas with increased risk of
flooding are elevated already
– Salt spray further inland is becoming an increasing
problem for substations and transformers
Cabling in Denmark
/media/ces/James-Smith_Edward_CES_2010.pdf
)
is shown. At the margin the grid boxes of the RCAO RCM are
visible. The area between Illulisat and Swiss camp is commonly
called Paakitsôq.
respectively. The Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Swiss Camp and Crawford are located
on the ice sheet and are operated by the Greenland Climate Network (GC-net) (Steffen and
Box, 2001). The locations of the stations are indicated in Fig. 1, further details
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
operational cost, etc.) and the annual
revenues
• consider an appropriate discount rate and assess NPV (net present
value), IRR (internal rate of return), and net cash flows
• rank alternatives by score level
• SCBA: social CBA – total benefits -/- total costs for society, in this
case benefits and costs often don’t accrue (entirely) to the same
organisation due to the public nature of a project
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
Manage- Basic Purchase Road Road net- Const- Acquisi- Govern- Com- Participati- Value Miscel- Total 2009
ment and road of equip- system work post- ruction tion of ment missi- on of the added laneous cost
operating manage- ment develop- poned-, of land grants ons European tax over- level
costs ment ment comprehen- build- and com- Regional De- heads
1991- 1991- sive- and ings pensation
/media/loftslag/Traffc-maintenance_expenditures.pdf
). Meteorological observations carried
out on Storbreen in the summer of 1955 (Liestøl1967) revealed that net radiation is the most impor-tant contributor to the ablation at Storbreen. An au-tomatic weather station (AWS) has bee operatedin the ablation zone of Storbreen since September2001 providing a near-continuous series of meteor-
ology and surface energy balance data. Analysis ofthe first five years
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
a near-zero pre-industrial background concentration,
primarily due to human activities. {WGI 2.3, SPM; SROC SPM}
There is very high confidence that the global average net
effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warm-
ing, with a radiative forcing of +1.6 [+0.6 to +2.4] W/m2
(Figure 2.4). {WGI 2.3, 6.5, 2.9, SPM}
The combined radiative forcing due to increases in CO2, CH4
and N2O
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
-corrected SPOT 5
high-resolution geometric (HRG) images with 2.5 m
2.5 m spatial resolution, acquired in the autumn 2003
and (4) airborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar
images observed simultaneously to the 1998 EMISAR
images and the EMISAR DEM viewed as a shaded
relief image (Magnu´sson et al. 2005b).
We estimate the average specific net mass balance (in
m yr1 w. eq.) as
bn r
DV
A1 N
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf