a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
at 67 sites: (a) 100-year floods with the Gumbel
distribution and (b) average discharge.
−6
0
−4
0
−2
0
0
20
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Scenario number
Change in 100a Flood (%
)
Fig. 5. Box plot (median, 25 and 75 percentiles, average [diamond], max and min) of changes in 100-year floods in 2070–2099 at the 67 sites with different scenarios.
Numbering of the scenarios
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
Furthermore, the
sustainibility of the production will be studied for the
whole life cycle of bioenergy.
B
as
al
a
re
a
(m
2 h
a-
1 )
Dominant height (m)
Remaining basal area 15%
Thinning threshol 15%Thinning, M1 (15%)
B
a
s
a
l
a
r
e
a
(
m
2
h
a
-
1
)
Dominant height (m)
R
e
m
a
i
n
i
n
g
b
a
s
a
l
a
r
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3
0
%
T
h
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i
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t
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o
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/media/ces/CES_BioFuels_Flyer_new.pdf
= {0, . . . ,20}. The second option, option b, is
such that the dictator keeps 18 points for herself and gives two points to the receiver: the
distribution (18,2). In decision 1, the dictator thus chooses between the distribution (0,0)
(zero for herself and zero for the receiver) and the distribution (18,2) (18 for herself and
two for the receiver); in decision 2, the choice is between (1,1
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
of events closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
in the
21st Century
Evaporation change per Degree T change in the
21st Century
Runoff change per Degree T change in the 21st
Century
2) Downscaling
a) Statistical
b) Dynamical
Climate
Scenarios
Global climate
simulations, next
~100 yrs
Downscaling
Delta
Precip,
Temp
Hydrologic
Model (VIC)
Natural
Streamflow
Water
Management
Model
DamReleases,
Regulated
Streamflow
Performance
Measures
Reliability
/media/ces/Lettenmaier_Dennis_CES_2010pdf.pdf
Refsgaard a,*, Jeroen P. v
Peter A. Vanroll
a Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenlan
b Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation
Utrecht University, Utrecht
c
Environmental Modelling & Softwar
equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ45 38 142 776; fax: þ45 38 142 050.
E-mail address: jcr@geus.dk (J.C. Refsgaard).
1364-8152
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf