computing. As a part of this development, IMO and the Danish
Meteorological Institute, DMI, have signed a co-operation agree-
ment on research and the operation of the next supercomputer of
DMI in IMO´s premises. The partners are going to work together on
climate studies, Arctic studies, development and operation of the
Harmonie model and other topics of mutual interest. The benefit to
IMO
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
Perrels)
For each session report:
o start with a heading indicating session number and title
o for each presentation: name of presenter(s) and title
o start for each presentation summary on a new page
Try to summarize briefly the main lines of argument as well as the project results and
conclusions. This can be just like a not too long bullet list. When relevant, you can notify links
/media/loftslag/Guidelines2-for-rapporteurs.pdf
presents the study area and data. Sec-
tion 3 describes the methodology. Section 4 presents the results and Section 5 concludes the
report.
2 Study area and data
2.1 River basins
Rivers in Iceland are often classified according to the origin of flow (Rist, 1990): direct runoff
(D), spring-fed (L), glacier-fed (J) and whether they flow through lakes (S). Twelve river basins
were selected for this study
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
the discharge in Skaftá and the
temperature of the flood water close to the glacier margin were measured. The dis-
charge from the subglacial lake during the jökulhlaup was calculated using a hypso-
metric curve for the subglacial lake, estimated from the form of the surface cauldron
after jökulhlaups. The maximum outflow from the lake during the jökulhlaup is esti-
mated as 123 m3 s 1 while
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
(-33%) during 1970 to 2004 has been smaller than the com-
bined effect of global income growth (77%) and global population
growth (69%); both drivers of increasing energy-related CO2 emis-
sions. The long-term trend of declining CO2 emissions per unit of en-
ergy supplied reversed after 2000. {WGIII 1.3, Figure SPM.2, SPM}
Differences in per capita income, per capita emissions and
energy
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
/EPP 2
Stakeholders analysis
26 August 2011 PM/YZ/EPP 3
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/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
were carried out to obtain the flow and
sliding parameters for Hoffellsjökull that resulted in a good
simulation of the observed 20th century evolution of the
glacier geometry. The obtained values for the rate factor
and the sliding parameter are A= 4.6× 10−15 s−1 kPa−3 and
C = 10× 10−15 m a−1 Pa−3, respectively.
The ice divide is kept at a fixed location in the model com-
putations presented here
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
outcomes and/or probabilities of these outcomes is the
central focus. Thus according to our definition a person is un-
certain if s/he lacks confidence about the specific outcomes of
an event. Reasons for this lack of confidence might include
a judgement of the information as incomplete, blurred, inaccu-
rate, unreliable, inconclusive, or potentially false. Similarly,
a person is certain if s/he
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
24 July 2010
This manuscript was handled by K.
Georgakakos, Editor-in-Chief, with the
assistance of Ercan Kahya, Associate Editor
Keywords:
Climate change
Flood
Hydrological modelling
Flood inundation area
Hydraulic modelling
Finland
s u m m a r y
This paper provides a general overview of changes in flooding caused by climate change in Finland for the
periods 2010–2039 and 2070–2099. Changes
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf